Explain how Calcium can be absorbed from the digestive tract.
What is Calcitriol?
Explain how Calcium can be absorbed from the digestive tract.
What is Calcitriol?
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Expert Solution
Answer
Calcium
absorption
Calcium can be absorbed from digestive tract in two ways. 1) Passive transport or paracellular way
2) Active transport
In paracellular pathway, the increased concentration of calcium
in gut is reponsible for the absorption. This is passive
transport.
The high calcium concentration moves calcium
molecules along their concentration gradient and alters the tight
junctions making the tight junctions more permeable to the
calcium.
Paracellular pathway takes place in jejunum and
ileum parts when calcium intake is high.
In active transport, parathyroid hormone is
reponsible for conversion of calcifediol to calcitriol.
Calcitriol acts on enterocytes lining the
small intestine to increase the rate of calcium absorption.
Calbadin is a vitamin D dependent calcium binding protein that
transfers the calcium to the endoplasmic reticulum of the
enterocyte.
Calcium pumps are responsible for the active transport of
calcium into the body.
Active transport of calcium mainly occurs in the
duodenum of small intesitne.
Calcitriol
Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin
D.
It is converted from calcifediol with the help of parathyroid
hormone in kidneys.
Calcitriol is also known as
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
Calcitriol helps in calcium absorption from the small
intestine.
Explain how ingested carbohydrates and proteins are
digested throughout the length of the digestive tract and how food
quality affects the rate of gastric emptying.
Know the order of the digestive tract from the mouth to the
anus:
What organ does the pancreas deliver enzymes to:
The function of hydrochloric acid in the digestive system is
What are the following
Haustra
Peyers patches
Rugae
Villi
What are the functions of the large intestines?
Where is gastrin produce and what cells produce it:
1)
explain how peristalsis and sphincter activity affect the movement
of food through the digestive tract.
2)describe the specific chemical changes occurring on ingested
molecules in the stomach.
3) campara the ABSORPTION of carbohydrates, fats and proteins
in the small intestines
It is known that glucose entering the blood from the digestive
tract causes a more significant increase in the insulin content in
the blood compared to the same amount of glucose, but administered
intravenously. Explain this phenomenon, taking into account the
results of the synthesis and secretion of insulin by beta-cells of
the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
For the answer:
1. Write the name of the molecules involved in regulating the
secretion of insulin betta by the cells of the...
Digestive tract and digestive enzyme
mapping:
For both example's one and two and three:
Example 1: C-ILE-LEU-VAL-ASP-GLU-CYS-TRP-GLY-LYS-PHE-ARG-N
Example 2: C-CYS-TYR-ILE-GLN-ASN-CYS-PRO-LEU-GLY-N
Example 3:
C-CYS-LYS-GLU-ASP-TRP-ASP-GLY-LYS-PRO-PHE-SER-ALA-N
1. take the amino acid chain in both examples and determine what
digestive enzyme would be used as the protein becomes catabolized
throughout the digestive tract
2. list the enzymes that will react with each amino in
the protein chain
3. be sure to state where in the digestive system each
phase of protein enzymatic gestation is...
Digestion enzymes
which cells release these proteins; which digestive tract organs
release what substances? From which cells? What are the functions
of these organs? What hormones affect stomach and duodenum
activity?