Question

1.- In light of the emergence of Zika virus, discuss emerging infectious diseases.

2.     Discuss the advantages of the Gram stain procedure in microbiology.

Answer 1

ANSWER -

1) emerging infectious diseases which have recently created a havoc aroudn the world are zika virus, coron virus ,and ebola virus

emerging infections can be caused by the pathogen which is previously undetected or have an unknown infectious agent, or the known agents that have spread to the new geographic locations or new populations,previously known agents whose role in specific dissease has previously gone unrecognized.

since 1970 about 40 infectious diseases have been discovered,including SARS, MERS ,ebola, chikungunya , avian flu , swine flu and zika virus.

with people travelling so much in the recent past and living in dense populations and coming cloer to each other and with animals more frequently cause the global epidemics a major concern, a recent one which is going on is corona virus, or covid 19

for an emerging disease to become established at least two events have to occur - the infectious agent has to introduced into a vulnerable population and the agent have the ability to spread readily from person to person and cause disease.

zika virus was first discovered in 1947 and by now have become a global health threat in the last 5 years, it basically spreads with the bite of an infected aedes species mosquito . zika virus can passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus , and by now no vaccine is available for zika virus . the person affecting from zika virus hvae very mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. zika virus testing invovles blood and urine tests. zika can be passed to the partners and can be spread by the mosquito , as the mosuito first bite the infected person and the same one bites the non infected person, spreading the virus

these are few of the basics of zika virus and the diseases spreading globally

2)the advantages of gram staining are

i) inexpensive reagents and supplies

ii) non invasive for the pateint

iii) rapid test time

iv) immunological non specific

v) insensitive to gram smear

these are few of the benefits of gram staining