Question

In: Chemistry

Consider the structural changes that occur in the following molecules. BH3, CH4, NH3, H2O, HF a....

Consider the structural changes that occur in the following molecules. BH3, CH4, NH3, H2O, HF

a. according to Lewis and VSEPR theory, why doe these changed occur?

b. what are the ideal bond angles for each structure, and which are expected to be distorted?

Expert Solution

a)

BH3 Lewis Structure - Boron is an exception to the octet rule and only needs six valence electrons for a full outer shell.

Methane has 8 electrons around the central carbon atom. This means there are four electron pairs arranged in a tetrahedral shape. There are no lone pairs. The resulting shape is a regular tetrahedron with an H-C-H angle of 109.5°.

No distortion perfect tetrahedral

NH3

Ammonia has 8 electrons around the central nitrogen atom. This means there are four electron pairs arranged in a tetrahedral shape. There are three bonding pairs and one lone pair. The resulting shape is a trigonal pyramid with an H-N-H angle of 106.7°.

The distortion from perfect tetrahedral is due to lone pair bond pair repulsion.

Water has 8 electrons around the central oxygen atom. This means there are four electron pairs arranged in a tetrahedral shape. There are two bonding pairs and two lone pairs. The resulting shape is bent with an H-O-H angle of 104.5°.

Beacuse it has repulsion between lone pair and bond pair which is larger than in ammonia the distortion from tetrahedral is larger.

In HF we have 7 electrons from Fluorine and 1 one electron from hydrogen completing the octete of Fluorine and one bond pair and it is a linear molcule due to 3 lone pairs.

H------F

queen_honey_blossom answered 2 years ago

Which of the molecules are polar? Check all that apply. BeCl2, CH3F, H2O, HF, CH4, NH3

Rank the following in order of increasing acidity: H2O, NH3, CH4, H2S, HCl CH4, NH3, H2O, ...

Rank the following in order of increasing acidity: H2O, NH3, CH4, H2S, HCl CH4, NH3, H2O, H2S, HCl H2O, NH3, CH4, H2S, HCl NH3, CH4, H2S, H2O, HCl NH3, H2O, CH4, H2S, HCl

Of the following molecules, which is the strongest Lewis Acid? NH3, NF3, NCl, BH3, BF3, BCl3...

Of the following molecules, which is the strongest Lewis Acid? NH3, NF3, NCl, BH3, BF3, BCl3 Please include an explanation with the answer. I am having a really hard time figuring this out.

Please give the Correct IUPAC names of the following molecules (A) Pt(NH3)2ClBr (B) [Sr(H2O)8](ClO4)2 (C) Hf(acac)4...

Please give the Correct IUPAC names of the following molecules (A) Pt(NH3)2ClBr (B) [Sr(H2O)8](ClO4)2 (C) Hf(acac)4 (D) Rh(H2O)3Cl3 (E) [Co(H2O)2(NH3)2(SCN)I]Br (F) [Ni(en)2(NH3)4]SO4 (G) [Fe(en)3](NO2)2 (H) Na3[Co(CN)6] (I) Ba3[OsCl6]2 (J) (NH4)3[MoBr6] (K) (NMe4)2[AuCl6] (L) (PEt4)[Ag(CN)2]

Determine the shape of each of the following molecules. Question 7 options: CH4 HOCl CH2Cl2 NH3...

Determine the shape of each of the following molecules. Question 7 options: CH4 HOCl CH2Cl2 NH3 Br2 ICl HI 1. linear 2. bent 3. trigonal plannar 4. trigonal pyramidal 5. tetrahedral

Which one of the following does not form hydrogen bonding? (a) NH3 (b) H2O (c) HCl (d) HF

Which one of the following does not form hydrogen bonding? (a) NH3(b) H2O(c) HCl(d) HF

Consider the following reaction that is occurring inside a sealed container: CH4(g) + NH3(g) <-- -->...

Consider the following reaction that is occurring inside a sealed container: CH4(g) + NH3(g) <-- --> HCN(g) + 3H2(g) If we increase the volume of the sealed container without changing the temperature, will this affect the amounts of product and reactant in this container? If so, will the amounts of products increase or decrease? Briefly EXPLAIN!

1. Which of the following does not occur during the light-dependent reactions? Splitting H2O molecules Chemiosmosis...

1. Which of the following does not occur during the light-dependent reactions? Splitting H2O molecules Chemiosmosis Glucose synthesis ATP production 2. Which of the following is NOT involved in the Calvin Cycle? Carbon Fixation RUBP regeneration RUBP An Electron Transport Chain 3. Which of these does NOT occur during the Krebs Cycle? O2 is reduced to form water Conversion of NAD+ to NADH Conversion of FAD+ to form FADH2 CO2 is produced 4. Select the statement that does NOT apply...

what types of structural changes may occur in the membranes of individual neurons and in the...

what types of structural changes may occur in the membranes of individual neurons and in the natural circuitry of the hippocampus as a result of LTP? explain please

How do simple molecules like H2O ,NH3, ect form bonds with metals? ( Include the name...

How do simple molecules like H2O ,NH3, ect form bonds with metals? ( Include the name of the interaction)