Question

1. *__true or false____ Sweat glands and hair follicles traverse the dermis and epidermis       acting as potential portals of entry for normal and pathologic micro-organisms.

2. Propionibacterium acnes (normal skin microbiota) resides in sebaceous       glands and produces _________________ which degrades the sebum.

3. Impetigo
   1. involves only the dermis.
   2. can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
   3. is not associated with any serious systemic complications.
   4. suggests that significant trauma occurred to the skin before infection began.
   5. is never spread by fomites.

4. Skin infection characterized by purulence is called a __________________.

5. *__true or false____ Both the wood tick and the dog tick act as main vectors of this disease; therefore, the disease is most prevalent in warm months of the year.

6.   ______ In Lyme disease,
   1. 100% of those infected complain of / or notice the rash of erythema migrans.
   2. few of those infected ever progress past the first stage of the illness (despite receiving no antibacterial medication).
   3. passage of the infectious agent requires that the adult tick lay its eggs into the host animal.
   4. the human population is the only reservoir of this infectious agent.
   5. the heart, the nervous system, the skeletal system, and the psychological system can all be affected.

7. ______ Herpes Zoster (choose the incorrect answer)
   1. is considered a reactivation of the chickenpox virus.
   2. usually occurs a few months after the acute case of chickenpox.
   3. starts with pain in the distribution of one sensory nerve..
   4. Increases in incidence as one’s age increases.
   5. , after resolution of the rash, can leave the patient with chronic pain which is termed “post herpetic neuralgia”.

8. Mucous membrane involvement in rubeola produces _____________________________________, erythematous lesions on the buccal mucosa near the molar region. No other disease will present with this finding.

9. ______ Congenital rubella syndrome
   1. is a transient condition that causes no significant sequelae.
   2. can occur even if the mother has no exposure to rubella during pregnancy.
   3. results in surviving infants shedding the virus in throat secretions and urine for many months after birth.
   4. typically does not effect the infant.
   5. is classified as a zoonotic disease.

10. Candida albicans can
    1. cause a blood born condition termed fungemia.
    2. live harmlessly on the skin as normal microbiota.
    3. thrive in moist skin folds.
    4. invade into deep layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
    5. All of the above are correct.

Answer 1

1. TRUE

Explanation:

A portal of entry is an area on the organism's body that acts as an opening for pathogens to gain access to the body. Hair follicles and sweat glands by becoming inflamed with infection.

2. Lipase Enzymes

Explanation:

Propionibacterium acnes that reside in the sebaceous glands produce lipase enzymes to breakdown skin and proteins.

3. can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Explanation:

Impetigo is a superficial skin infection caused in the epidermis. It does not need prior trauma to infect as it is observed to infect intact skin. However, secondary infection can occur due to skin trauma. It is caused by staph and strep bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It is extremely contagious and is usually observed among children. It is usually spread through contact but can also be spread through fomites. It is also associated with serious conditions like cellulitis or scarlet fever.

4. pyoderma

Explanation:

purulence is the formation and/ or secretion of pus. C. acnes cause pyoderma which contains pus and is characteristically purulent.