Question

Evaluate the processes of excretion through kidneys and sweat glands by which an animal removes waste from its body

Answer 1

Answer) Process of excretion through kidney.

Kidney is distinct in outer renal cortex and inner renal medulla. Structural and functional unit of kidney is nephron. Nephron is also called uriniferous tubule. Nephron is distinct in Glomeruli and Renal tubules.(Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubules or PCT, loop of Henley and distal convoluted tubules or DCT). In cavity of Bowman's capsule, bunch of capillaries - glomerular present. Substance from Glomeruli get filtered in Bowman's capsule through filteration bed. PCT engaged in reabsorption as well as secretion process. Maximum reabsorption occures through PCT. Now comes loop of Henley, it is concerned with absorption of water and maintenance of electrolyte s in medullary space. Longer the loop of Henley more will the conservation of water. Then DCTs engaged in reabsorption of substance and secretion processes. DCT further continues to collecting tubules or collecting duct. Then ureter carries urine from collecting duct to urinary bladder. Opening of urinary bladder is guarded by inner involuntary and outer voluntary sprinter. At last this is removed by the kidney from urethra.

Process of excretion through sweat glands.

Main purpose of sweat glands is to regulate the body temperature and removing waste. The waste is in form of water that contain sodium salts and nitrogenous waste on the surface of skin. Sweat evapouration from the skin surface plays a critical role in human thermoregulation. Three main types of sweat glands are: eccrine, apocrine, and apoeccrine.

Eccrine sweat glands are most numerous, distributed nearly the entire body. It is responsible for highest volume of excretion. While apocrine and apoeccrine glands play lesser role because they are present in specific regions of the body.