Question

1. Select a developmental theorist and write a one paragraph minimum on their theory.

2. Select a developmental age group (infant, toddler, etc) and discuss the following for the age group you select: physical development, cognitive development, health promotion, health risk factors, and injury prevention.  

Answer 1

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT;ERIK ERIKSON

THE THEORY

erikson's theory of psychosocial development describes the human life cycle as a series of eight ego developmental stages from birth to death .Each stage presents a psychosocial crisis,the goal of which is to integrate physical,maturation,and societal demands.The result of one stage may not be permanent ,but can be changed by experiences later in life .The theory focuses on psychosocial tasks that are accomplished throughout the life cycle.According to erikson's theory of psychosocial development ,each psychosocial crisis must be resolved for the child or adult to progress emotionally .unsuccessful resolution leaves the person emotionally disabled.

EARLY CHILDHOOD (18 MONTHS TO 3 YEAR)

PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS-AUTONOMY VERSUS SHAME AND DOUBT

TASK- GAINING SOME BASIC CONTROL OVER SELF AND ENVIRONMENT

SUCCESSFUL-SENSE OF SELF CONTROL AND ADEQUACY ;WILL POWER

UNSUCESSFUL-INDEPENDENCE FEAR CONFLICT;SEVERE FEELINGS OF SELF DOUBTS   

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

head circumference increases about half inch per year

average height is 37 inches at age3

weight gains 5 pounds per year

mastered many skills -including sitting,walking,toilet training,using spoon,scribbing and sufficient hand -eye coordination to catch and throw a ball

Cogninitive Development

preschooler is cooperative

has imaginary play mates

able to interact with peers

the child require regular socialization with mates of similar age

SEEK OPPORTUNITIES TO OFFER CHOICES

SPEAK IN SIMPLE SENTENCE

be concise and limit the length of explanations

allow handling the equipment or instruments ,which will ease fear and help answer questions

SAFETY

Preschoolers are active and inquisitive because of their magical thinking ,they may believe that daring feats seen in cartoons are possible and may attempt them.

teach the preschooler basic safety rules to ensure safety when playing in a playground such as near swings and ladders

teach never to play with matches or lighters

teach his or herfull name,adress and telephone number

teach emergency number and how to dial

keep the poison control center number available

PROVIDE a safe and secure environment

take time for communication

allow mobility and provide play and diversional activities if they are sick

HEALTH RISK FACTORS

The preschooler has a general lack of understanding of body integrity

the child fears invasive procedures

the child imagines things to be much worse than they are

they believe that they are ill because of something they did or thought