Question

6) Define the following terms and provide three examples of

:

primary aging

changes and

secondary aging

changes. Define

tertiary aging

.

7) Compare and contrast a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal design. What are the advantages

and limitations of each for determining aging effects? Be prepared to draw a diagram of an example of

each design.

Answer 1

6)

Primary aging:

Primary aging is gradual and it is an innate maturational process.

It is an inevitable process.Here the changing process to the body can takes place throughout the life.

Due to the primary aging process there is a fading of vision,impaired hearing,decrease resistance to infections,greying of hair,slowing of body movements,wrinkling of skin,decreased ability to adapt to the stress.

Secondary aging:

Is an aging process result from disease and unhealthy life style and practices such as unhealthy eating habits,lack of exercise,alcohol and smoking and lack of sleep.Because of following these unhealthy life styles and practices they easy fall up in to certain chronic disease such as Hypertension,diabetes and other coronory disease.This is otherwise called as premature aging

Tertiary aging:

Tertiary aging is otherwise called as mortality related aging.It refers to the cognitive,physical and behavioural deterioration of a person with impending death.These process is not related to the age but related to the impending death.These changes shows by a person short time just before death.

7)

In the Cross-sectional design is otherwise called as observational research,the fresh sample of people are taken for the study

In the longitudinal study,the same study and sample of people overtime

In the cross sectional study the data collected by observing many subjects at the same point of time.

In the cross sectional study the data analyzed at one given point of time across a sample population

In the longitudinal study,the researchers conduct the same subjects over a period of time,sometimes it may last for many years.

The limitations for the cross-sectional design for determining aging effects,the data for analysis is taken from only the representative of the population

The limitations for longitudinal study for determining aging effects require a long time,

• it requires a large sample size
• There may be a chance of mortality to some samples over time
• Huge amount of money is required for this study

Cross-Sectional Design

Longitudinal Design