Question

In 500 words write an essay with the following prompt-

"If you are an intracellular bacterium - discuss what mechanisms of immunity you will have to defend against, in order to enter the host and establish infection, and how you will accomplish it."

make sure to site 3 sources in MLA format

Answer 1

In intracellular infection, the microbial proteins first processed and then presented by MHC class I molecules. Therefore, as a bacterium we need to defend the processing of bacterium or its proteins. Therefore, we need to evade through following processes

1. Evade from being processed inside the host cell: It is mainly evade by integrating with host genome. It helps to stop the anti bacterium proteins. The bacterium produces a protein that attaches to either DNA or mRNA of the host cell and abolish the immunity system of the host cell.
2. Some bacteria use proteins that inhibit formation of phagolysosomes that require eating the pathogens.
3. Bacteria can also evade by inactivating reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species.
4. If phagosome engulfs the bacterium, it can also evade by disrupting the membrane of phagolysosome.

Reference

1. Abdullah, Zeinab, and Percy A Knolle. “Scaling of Immune Responses against Intracellular Bacterial Infection.” The EMBO Journal 33.20 (2014): 2283–2294. PMC. Web. 17 July 2018.
2. Joller, Nicole et al. “Antibodies Protect against Intracellular Bacteria by Fc Receptor-Mediated Lysosomal Targeting.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107.47 (2010): 20441–20446. PMC. Web. 17 July 2018.
3. Robert K. Ernst, Tina Guina, Samuel I. Miller; How Intracellular Bacteria Survive: Surface Modifications That Promote Resistance to Host Innate Immune Responses, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 179, Issue Supplement_2, 1 March 1999, Pages S326–S330, https://doi.org/10.1086/513850

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