Question

18) Which types of misbehavior in research are punishable by grant-giving agencies, and why?

19) What is “science the endless frontier”? Who suggested this, when, and why?

20) What happened in 1973 that was relevant for university-industry relations?

21) What is the Bayh-Dole act and what is its significance?

Answer 1

18) Organisational misbehaviour is intended to violate the organisational rules and goals. the following are the misbehaviours which are punishable

1. Misbehaviours which are performed to benifit the self. Such behaviours have three targets which consist of distortion of data, organisational resources, rules property and misbehaving to coworkers

2. Misbehaviours that are external in nature. these kind of behaviours are mostly for career considerations.

3. Behaviours with a motive of making damage.These can be both internal and external.these areintended to hurt others or the company. these behaviours can be distroying companys machines, taking revenge for not getting status etc

19) In 1945 a kind of report is submitted to the president by Vannevars Bust , who is the director of scientific research and development. It is a big achievement in the history of American science because it launched the National Science Foundation.

20) in 1973 important modifications has been done in university policies to discover new scientific knowledge which has specific commercial objectives to solve the problems faced in production and to invent new products.

21) Bay Dole Act is a legislation by united states which aims to work with intellectual property emerging from the federal government funded research. Bay Dole is significant in that it allow a non profit institution to elect to pursue ownership of a finding or invention which give prime importance to government.