In: Nursing
Answer all four questions please
1-Explain how the principles and rules of clinical ethics can be applied in medical practice ?
2-What are the main strategies to create the Research Ethics Committees?
3-How can the communication breakdown ethical conflicts?
4-What are the categories in Sharia Law System and how they applied?
1.The code of ethics is a set of guiding principles that all members of a profession accept.
Purpose of Ethics in a profession
Basic princilples include the following
Advocacy
Refers to support of a particular cause. As a health care professional, you advocate for the health, safety and right of the patient. With the help of good interpersonal skills helps you to understand the patient's point of view regarding his condition
Responsibility
The word 'responsibility implies to a willingness to respect one's professional obligations and follow through on promises . It is the responsibility of health care provider to maintain competency in practice which helps to follow the responsiblities in your profession
Accountability
Ability to answer for one's actions. The healthcare provider should ensure that your professional actions are explainable to the patients as well as employers
Confidentiality
The concept of confidentiality in health care is widely respected. Federal legislation known as ' Health Insurance Portability and Accountability act of 1996 (HIPAA) mandates the protection of patient's personal information. The legislation defines the rights and privilleges of patients for protection of privacy and establishes fine for violation
Implications for practice
The American College of Physician's proposes the following ground rules
2. The main strategies to create research ethics commitee
The Research Ethics Commitee of an institute should follow and maintain certain standards which are described below
1. Standard 1- Composition of research ethics committee
The appointing entity ensures that the Research Ethics commitee multi-disciplinary and multi-sectorial memebership, that it's composition is gender balanced, which reflects the social and cultural diversity of the communities from which research participants are more likely to be drawn and it includes individuals with background relevant to the area of research the committee is likely to review
2. Standard 2- Research Ethics Committee resources
The entity establising the REC supports it with adequate resources including, staffing, facilities and financial resources which allow the commitee to function effectively
3. Standard 3- Independence of research ethics committe
Policies related to ethics committe should ensure independence with respect to independent decision making. It also allows freedom to the REC members to remove (including the chair) themselves from any research in which they or close family members have a conflicting interest.
4.Standard 4- Training the research ethics committee
Training on ethical aspects of health-related research with human participants about the ethical considerations of conducting the research is provided to REC memebers when they join the committee and periodically during their committee service
Answer to third question
Importance of communication to resolve ethical concerns in health care
Communication is an essential part of patient-centered care. To resolve ethical conflicts regarding safety of patients requires effective communication among members of health care team as patient moves from one setting to another or from one care giver to another . Breakdown in communication among the health care team is a major cause of errors in work place and threatens profesional credibility. Effective team communication and collaboration skills are essential to maintain patient safety and high quality patient care.Competency in communication helps maintain effective relationships within the entire team of professional practice and maintains legal,ethical and clinical standards of care
4. Categories in Sharia system
Sharia law is Islam's legal system. It is derived from Holy books Quran and Fatwas ( rulings of islamic scholars)
The word 'Sharia" means "the clear well-trodden path to water
It acts as a code for living all Muslims should adhere to including prayers, fasting and donations to the poor
AIM
Helps to guide Muslims to lead every aspects of life according to God's wishes
Sharia regulates all human activities and put them into 5 categories