Question

1. Explain in your own words why regulation is important. I would like you to use 2 examples, one from human communities and one from the human body in your explanation. Make sure to include how regulation is enabled in each case (i.e. how is communication occurring?).

I will give you an example, so that you know what I am looking for. When you drive a car and approach an intersection, you will receive a signal (communication) that tells you if it is okay to proceed or you must stop. At a lighted intersection, we all know that green means go and red means stop. If you ignore the signal or if there is no signal, cars would be crashing into each other and people could be injured or die. If there was no regulation of intersections throughout a city, chaos would ensue. Here is an interesting thing to consider in this situation: if you were unable to tell red from green (red/green colorblindness) and the red and green lights were randomly placed in the vertical sequence on the semaphore, imagine how confusing the incoming information could be!

For your example of regulation in the human body, describe what would happen if the receiving cell couldn't appropriately receive a signal or the sending cell couldn't appropriately send a signal. These problems lead to disease/homeostatic imbalance.

2. In order for an effector to respond to a command via either of the endocrine or nervous system, it must be able to respond to a chemical (hormone or neurotransmitter). Explain how the effector is able to respond to these chemical signals (i.e. what must it have either in its membrane or inside its cells). Describe how this process of intercellular communication exemplifies the relationship between structure and function.

Answer 1

Happy holi to all...and good wishes

I appreciate an example from question which is really helpful to understand the theme of question

Regulations are something which makes the pillor or basic functioning of body without which no things can work i will try to satisfy you with some of the examples related to our body.

At every stage say first in case of complementary system these regulation plays a very important role in subsiding any tyoe of infection it any microbe entered into body these regulations gets activated

Affector cells sends the signal for help to activate the process of complementary system and to call off neutrophils and monophages to the effected area and this gets succesful by effector cells which respond positively to make things happend. There are various checkmarks receptors which this gets happend and as per requirement of body particular cell use to do the work if this gets failed then due to failure of complementary system many auto immune diseases or infection can effect whole body.

According to example of colour blindness example of traffic signal we can correlate it with auto immune disease when body fails to recognise self and nonself many disease like SLE , RHEUMATID ARTHIRTIS can happen

Neurotransmitter are very important which works by signalling through acetylcholine to make the conversation between two cells possible to make physiology and pathological need of body sucessful

Gap junctions and tight juctions desmosomes are some of the intercelluar connections which directly connects the cytoplasm to two cells and allows the transfers of molecules nutrients etc.

In processing of pumps , hormonal regulations etcs all things are based on proper regulation in the body which makes the all things possible in the body