Question

please, the answers must be in computer form

the name of the course is maternal and child health

Q1. (a) Discuss about perinatal mortality rates, still birth rates and neonatal mortality rates among India, China, Japan and France.

(b) What intervention can be done to improve perinatal health in developing countries?

Q2. Discuss major challenges for the health systems in improving maternal and child health

Answer 1

Q1. (a). The perinatal mortality rate is the death occurs within one week after the birth. It is calculated as the number of perinatal death per 1000 total birth. Stillbirth is the birth occurs with the minimum gestational period of 28 weeks or fetus weighing minimum 1000g. Neonatal death is the death occurs within the first 28 days after live birth. According to the UNICEF report in 2018, India ranked 12th among the 52 nations. within India, there is a lot of disparities between the states in Neonatal mortality. In India, the stillbirth rate is decreased to 14.4 per 1000 birth. Japan placed top in the neonatal mortality. In 2016, the neonatal mortality rate is 0.9 per 1000 live births and stillbirth rate is 6.2 per 1000 births. In France, the perinatal mortality rate is 2 per 1000 live births and infant mortality rate is 3 per 1000 live births in 2016. The stillbirth rate is 4.8 per 1000 birth. In China neonatal mortality rate.is 5.1 deaths per 1000 births in 2016 and 2.6 stillbirth per 1000 birth.

(b). The ultimate intervention to improve the perinatal health is to improve the maternal health. Safe motherhood programme will implement in the remote areas and tribal communities. The risk factors are to be identified and rectified. Improve the antenatal care and nutrition. Provide warmth and support to the newborn. Encourage the mother for breastfeeding. Availability of new technology to care of low birth weight babies in all healthcare settings. Establish a research program regarding neonatal health and care. Health policies and the programme should support the neonatal care. Provide free of service for maternal care.

Q2. The major challenges are lack of skilled professional in obstetric care. High-risk pregnancies have to need to travel long distance for better care. Lack in antenatal services and women ignorance in the antenatal care. One of the Challenges in the antenatal care of mother is the iron deficiency anemia which increases the perinatal mortality rate. Lack of immunization facilities and infection control practices increases the complications during delivery. The need for increased quality of care and child health in the first 24 months of life is essential to minimize the death rate.