Question

1. Discuss the ways in which clinicians’ values affect clinical encounters. 2. Describe the impact of system values, both institutional and community, on clinical encounters. 3. Discuss the ways in which client values affect clinical encounters. 4. Define cultural interpreter, translator, group spokesperson, and identify the differences among these three types of cultural brokers. 5. Discuss the potential values and drawbacks of using each type of cultural broker. 6. Describe the ways in which clinicians serve as cultural brokers 7. Describe strategies for dealing with incomplete information in clinical encounters 8. Describe the method for learning the client’s perspective.(1page)

Answer 1

Ans.1:

Some of the ways in which clinicians’ values affect clinical encounters are as described below:

• Physician or Clinicians may have several personal, professional, cultural, social, ethical, religious or moral values that can affect clinical encounters.
• Some of them may, for example, focus more on client satisfaction while others may focus more on improved client performance. Some of them may encourage behavioral or psychological changes for disease management while others may focus more on medication. These are examples of professional values of the physician.
• Cultural values of physicians will depend upon the geographical area and the cultural practices of those areas. A physician, for example, may encourage to stop eating meat and fish because the cultural practice of vegetarianism is valued in that area.
• A physician, on finding that a client has a sexual orientation that goes against his/her religious or moral values, may discriminate against the client or show lower levels of sympathy and empathy towards such clients. For example, a physician, on finding that his client is a homosexual man, may feel repulsive and he may try to avoid the client on subsequent encounters.
• A patient that feels lack of energy or sleepy after sexual behavior may be instructed by a physician to avoid the behavior altogether as he believes that the behavior is the reason for his client becoming weaker and his energy and well-being might be restored if he refrains from such practices. Here the physician's religious and moral values were against such behaviors and so, he offers his judgement based on this value while completely ignoring the scientific and medical aspects of the problem.
• Some physicians impose their personal values into the healing process. If a physician, for example, personally co-relates addiction to criminal behavior, then, he may think that a client abusing a substance due to addiction problem might be very well a criminal and he may instead of focusing on the withdrawal of the substance may focus on the need of the person to get admitted into a "correctional" facility where his "improper behavior" of addiction may be corrected.
• Thus, these are the several ways by which clinicians’ values affect clinical encounters.