Question

what are the complications of Arthritis

Answer 1

ARTHRITIS

RHEUMATIC DISEASES ARE COMMONLY CALLED AS ARTHRITIS (INFLAMMATION OF A JOINT). THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES ARE ACTUALLY MORE THAN 100 DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISORDERS THAT PRIMARILY AFFECT SKELETAL MUSCLES, BONES,CARTILAGE,LIGMENTS,TENDONS,AND JOINTS IN MALES AND FEMALES O ALL AGES.

CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE

ONE BASIS SYSTEM IS TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES AS EITHER

1. MONOARTICULAR ( AFFECTING SINGLE JOINT )
2. POLYARTICULAR ( AFFECTING MULTIPLE JOINT )
3. INFLAMMATORY
4. NON-INFLAMMATORY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING THE NORMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIARTHRODIAL OR SYNOVIAL JOINTS IS KEY TO UNDERSTANDING THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES.THE FUNCTION OF THE SYNOVIAL JOINTS IS MOVEMENT. EACH SYNOVIAL JOINT HAS A GIVEN RANGE OF MOTION ,ALTHOUGH RANGE OF MOTION OF MOVABLE JOINTS VARIES AMONG PEOPLE.THE JOINT IS THE AREA MOST COMMONLY AFFECTED BY THE INFLAMMATION AND DEGENERATION.

   INFLAMMATION

INFLAMMATION INVOLVES A SERIES OF RELATED STEPS

• THE ANTIGEN STIMULATES ACTIVATES MONOCYTES AND T LYMPHOCYTES
• IMMUNOGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES FORMS IMMUNE COMPLEXES WITH ANTIGENS
• PHAGOCYTOSIS OF IMMUNE COMPLEX IS INITIATED
• PHAGOCYTOSIS PRODUCES CHEMICALS SUCH AS LEUKOTRIENES AND PROSTAGLANDINS

​​​​​​​LEUKOTRIENES CONTRIBUTE TO INFLAMMATORY PROCESS,AND PROSTAGLANDINS ACT AS MODIFIERS TO INFLAMMATION

DEGENERATION

  THE PROCESS OF DEGENERATION IS METABOLICALLY ACTIVE AND THEREFORE IS MORE ACCURATELY CALLED DEGRADATION.CAUSES ARE FOLLOWS

• MECHANICAL STRESS
• ALTERED LUBRICATION
• IMMOBILITY

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• PAIN ON JOINT
• JOINT SWELLING
• LIMITED MOVEMENT
• STIFFNESS
• WEAKNESS
• FATIGUE

COMPLICATIONS

• CARPEL TUNNEL SYNDROME (CTS)

CTS IS A COMMON CONDITION IN PEOPLE WITH ARTHRITIS. IT'S THE RESULT OF COMPRESSION OF THE NERVE THAT CONTROLS SENSATION AND MOVEMENT IN THE HANDS (MEDIAN NERVE) AND CAN CAUSE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS:

1. ACHING
2. NUMBNESS . etc

• HEART INFLAMMATION OF THE TISSUE AROUND THE HEART CAN LEAD TO PERICARDITIS
• SCLERITIS--- CAN CAUSE EYE REDNESS AND PAIN
• SJOGREN'S SYNDROME CAN CAUSE DRY EYES
• IF YOU HAVE ARTHRITIS YOU ARE AT HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.
• CERVICAL MYELOPATHY
• DISSLOCATION OF JOINTS
• VASCULITIS OF BLOOD VESSELS

TREATMENT

LONG TERM---- 1.METHOTREXATE

   2.HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE

   3. SULFASALAZINE

   4. ABATACEPT (SUPPRESS T- CELLS)

   5 RITUXIMOB etc

TAKING APPROPRIATE TREAMENT WILL PREVENT THE DISAESE TO PROGRESS INTO COMPLICATIONS.AND THIS DISEASE MULTI ORGAN INVOLVEMENT. SO IT IS IMPORTANT TO TAKE APPROPRIATE TREATMENT.