Question

list the steps of the lysogenic cycle and provide an explanation for whats occuring?

Answer 1

Lysogenic cycles included 7 stages :1) Attachment 2) Penetration 3) Intregration 4) Maturation 5) cell Division 6) Transition of lysogenic to lytic cycle 7) Release of viral particles.

1) Attachment: Bacteriophage attached with the host cells or bacteria by using specific receptors present on host cells like lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, proteins, or flagella .

2) Penetration : After attaching the host cells it penetrate the phage nucleic acids(DNA or RNA) into the host cells.

3) Intregration: Penetrated genetic material of phage integrated into the host genome by using enzyme integrase and become a part of host genome and it is called as prophage.

4) Maturation or replication :Integrated genetic material (DNA) replicated along with host DNA but not transcribed and translated into virial proteins. And forms the copies of viral DNA.

5) cell Division: These host cell containing prophage divide into the daughter cells and transfer the viral DNA into the next or new generation of host.

6) Transition of lysogenic to lytic cycle: Host cell containing prophage is stimulated with UV light, low nutrient and chemical like mitomycin C and some stressors, Prophage rapidly isolated from host genome and enter into the lytic cycle.  

7) Release of viral particles:In lytic cycle prophage undergo transcrition and translation and produce viral particles and viral particles lyse the host cell and release out and infect the other cells.