Question

In: Physics

Is it possible to make an insulator have two poles like a magnet? If yes, how...

Is it possible to make an insulator have two poles like a magnet?

If yes, how to make it?

Solutions

Expert Solution

you would have to explain what you mean by the poles. Insulators don't inherently create any inherent kind of an "insulator field" around them, so this non-existent field cannot have any poles, either. An insulator is a material that doesn't conduct - heat or electricity.

Another thing is whether insulators can behave like dipole sources of the known fields such as electric and magnetic fields.

First, permanent magnets I know of always have to display ferromagnetism or superconductivity. Ferromagnetic materials are similar to iron; superconducting materials are ... conducting as well. So permanent magnets have to be conductors, I believe. After all, if one is able to change the magnetization, it means that the angular momentum of the electrons or their spin is changed as well. If this is possible in an atom, the electrons may effectively jump to an adjacent atom, too, I think. But even though this proof is not complete, I do think that it's true that permanent magnets have to be conductors just like iron. As far as I know, there is no known counterexample.

Another thing the insulators could have are electric dipoles. Yes, insulators may act as electric dipoles, but only in an external electric field: the relative position of electrons in each atom moves a little bit relatively to the nuclei. This effect is known as polarization.

They don't stay electric dipoles, however. They are not permanent dipoles. If a material is not a conductor (of electricity), it means that its electrons can't move much, so they're sitting in their molecules and in every molecule, there is an energetically optimal position where they want to sit. So I believe that (good) insulators can't be (good) permanent dipoles


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