A sample of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, was dissolved in a solvent to give a series of solutions of different concentrations (c). A membrane osmometer was used to measure the
corresponding osmotic pressures (pi) at 25 ^oC. Given that a plot by pi/c vs c gave an intercept equivalent to 94.2 J/kg and the point specified by pi/c = 141 J/kg and c = 8.70 x 10^-3 kg/dm³
lies on the plot, evaluate

(i) the second virial coefficient (A2), and

(ii) the average degree of polymerization (DPn) of PET molecule.

(gas constant R = 8.314 J/mol·K).

Air containing 2.1 mol% sulfur dioxide (SO2) is scrubbed with pure water in an absorption tower of 1.5 m2 cross-sectional area and 3.6 m height packed with structured packing materials at a pressure of 1.2 atm and a temperature of 20˚C. The surface area per unit volume of the packing, a, is 200 m2/m3.The total gas flow rate is 60 mol/s, the liquid flow rate is 1800 mol/s and the mole fraction of SO2 in the outlet gas stream is 0.3%. At the column temperature, the equilibrium relationship is given by:
y* = 25.0x
(a) Calculate NOG for the desired purification.
(b) Calculate mass transfer coefficient of liquid film (kx) if mass transfer coefficient of gas film, kp = 7.5 mol/m2-atm-s.
(c) If the packing height of the column is increased to 4.0 m (column diameter and packing materials unchanged), and the same inlet gas stream is purified by the same liquid solvent, how much is the mole fraction of SO2 in the leaving liquid and gas streams?

A protein is being separated on a chromatography column. The protein has been found to obey the Langmuir isotherm, with Stot= 300 µg/mL and Keq= 10 mL/mg. The concentration of the protein in the feed (3 liters) to the column is 2 mg/mL. The column flow rate is 2.0 liters/min. The column is 50 cm in diameter and 100 cm long. The void fraction of the chromatography bed is 0.35. Determine (a) the time for the protein shock front to exit the column, and (b) the time when the concentration of the protein in the diffuse wave is 0.01 mg/mL at the exit of the column.

130 kg of uniform spherical particles with a diameter of 60 mm and particle density 1500 kg/m³ are fludised by water (density 1000 kg/m³, viscosity 0.001 Pa s) in a circular bed of cross-sectional area 0.2 m². The single particle terminal velocity of the particles is 0.98 mm/s and the voidage at incipient fludisation is known to be 0.47. Determine:

The minimum fludised velocity and the bed height at incipient fludisation.                               

The mean fludised bed voidage and height when the liquid flow rate is 2x10^-5 m³/s.  

A mixture of 85% n-heptane, remaining toluene gas at 1 bar and 308 K is compressed to a final state at 1205.47 K and 63.73 bar. Estimate the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process using residual properties and by the Lee/Kessler correlations. In its initial state, the system may be assumed an ideal gas.

A gas contains 55.0 wt% methane, 5.00 wt% ethane, 35.0 wt% ethylene, and the balance water. If 100.0 kg/h of this fuel is to be burned with 30.0% excess air, what is the required air feed rate? in kmol/h What is the required feed rate if the combustion is only 75.0% complete? in kmol/h

1. You have 5 g of CO2 (w = 0.225) in a 50 mL container, which is at 723 ° C. Determine the gas pressure using the following equations and obtain the percentage of error with respect to the ideal gas:
a) Van der Waals. (3 points)
b) Virial truncated. (3 points)
c) Peng-Robinson. (3 points)
d) Soave-Redlich-Kwong. (3 points)

Your assignment is to compute how big a square solar collector would have to be in order to provide power to

(1)       all the residents of the UAE

(2)        all the people of the world.

The power supplied should be equal to the current per capita consumption of the UAE. Assume that all the energy is to be supplied in the form of electricity.

In this assignment, you must specify the sources of all data you used in order to compute your answer.

For example some data you may need include:

• Population of the UAE and the world for the year 2018
• Per capita consumption of energy in the UAE (  current value )
• Average amount of electric power produced per square meter.

Grading:

Report all sources of data  --

Units clearly expressed in all calculations

Reasonable values used in all calculations

A mixture of propane and butane is burned with pure oxygen. The combustion products contain 46.7 mole% H2O. After all the water is removed from the products, the residual gas contains 68.6 mole% CO₂ and the balance O₂ a. What is the mole percent of propane in the fuel?

A stream of saturated water at 54 o C at 25 lbm/min and ammonia solution (50 wt%) at 150 lbm/min are fed to a boiler at 1 atm. The enthalpy of the ammonia solution relative to the reference conditions is 125 BTU/lbm. The liquid and vapor products are leaving the system. The liquid composition is to be 13 wt% NH3. Determine the rate at which heat must be transferred to the system. Includes diagram, mass balance, energy balance.

Describe three ways in which the composition of fuel changes while the reactor is in operation, and how each change affects reactor operation. You may discuss nuclear, chemical, or material changes, or a combination.

In FCC iron, carbon atoms are located at octahedral sites at the centre of each edge of the unit cell (1/2, 0, 0) and at the centre of the unit cell (1/2, 1/2, 1/2). In BCC iron, carbon atoms enter tetrahedral sites, such as (1/4, 1/2, 0). The lattice parameter is 0.3571nm for FCC iron and 0.2866nm for BCC iron. Assume that carbon atoms have a radius of 0.071nm.

(a) Would we expect a greater distortion of the crystal by an interstitial carbon in FCC or BCC iron?

(b) How is the distortion in FCC and BCC related to solubility of the interstitial carbon? Show your all work of calculation for a credit.