It is desired to cool down (0.37) kg/s of an aqueous solution with a heat capacity similar to water from 60 to 50^oC. The cooling fluid will be (0.33) kg/s of water at 25^oC. A double-pipe heat exchanger will be used. The external diameter of the interior tube is 0.025 m. The overall heat transfer coefficient is estimated as 1,600 W/(m^2.K). Calculate the necessary tube length if:

1. A countercurrent arrangement is used.
2. A co-current arrangement is used.

When molasses is fermented to produce a liquor containing ethanol, a CO2-rich vapor

containing a small amount of ethanol is evolved. The alcohol will be recovered by

countercurrent absorption with water in a packed-bed tower. The gas will enter the tower at a

rate of 180 kmol/h, at 303 K and 110 kPa. The molar composition of the gas is 98% CO2 and

2% ethanol. The required recovery of the alcohol is 97%. Pure liquid water at 303 K will enter

the tower at the rate of 151.5 kmol/h. Estimate the packed height required to recover 97% of

the alcohol. The system ethanol-CO2-water at the given temperature and pressure obeys

Henry’s law with m=0.57. The diameter of the tower is 0.738 m and ky’a=0.191 kmol/m3 and

3 kx’a=0.402 kmol/m .

(a) Discuss the structures and properties of Austenite and duplex stainless steels with reference to typical applications. [12 Marks]

(a) Explain the major differences between producer gas and water gas.

(b) Explain why the presence of even a small amount of H2 can substantially expedite the reaction of CO-O2 mixture by using chemical kinetics analysis.

Suggest the best instrumental method(s) for the following analyses. Also suggest possible sample pre-treatment methods or accessaries if there are any. Consider the sample concentration, possible interferences, sample size, etc.

6) To measure the concentration (about 10-3 M) of Cu2+ samples. 7) To know the crystalline structure of solid samples.

8) To measure Ca2+ concentration (about 1 ppm); the sample volume is very small.

9) To know the molecular structure of a carbonyl-containing organometallic compound [M(CO)n].

10) Roughly estimate the elemental composition of chemical compounds.

1) Mercury (Hg) can be used in a barometer to measure air pressure, based on how tall a column of mercury can be supported by the pressure of the atmosphere or another gas sample. The barometric reading taken at Skyline College on a specific day was 743.8 mm Hg. If the interior circumference of the tube holding the mercury is 9.82 mm, what is the mass of mercury in the tube (above the pool of mercury)? The column may be treated as a cylinder. Mercury has a density of 13.55 g/mL.

2) What is the length (in cm) of the side of an iron ingot (rectangular box) that has a mass of 4.578 kg and has width = height = 5.00 cm

3) What will be the final volume when a 98.356-g sample of lead (Pb) shot is added to a graduated cylinder holding 24.7 mL of water?

By slow-cooling the austenite to room temperature, steel can increase strength.

(a) How is it possible?

(b) Explain the possible mechanisms of strengthening

Each student needs to submit a pdf file in ONLY ONE of the following topics:

1. Modern mixing devices in the preparation of semisolids.

2. Segregation in solid dosage form manufacture.

3. Different models of rotor stator turbines.

4. Agitation patterns in solid feeders.

Explain the Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles with its mechanism and the steps of nucleation involved in it?

. Air in a 0.3 m3 cylinder is initially at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 330 K. The cylinder is to be emptied by opening a valve and letting the pressure drop to that of the atmosphere. What will be the final temperature and mass of gas in the cylinder if this is accomplished:

a) In a manner that maintains the temperature of the gas at 330 K?

b) In a well-insulated cylinder (Answer: Tfinal = 171 K).

List the basic principles of the distillation tower at least 4 principles
and why there are several design techniques?
I need the answer in obvious and clear script not by handwriting please.

Consider the electrochemical reactions shown below. Mercury(I) chloride, also known as calomel, is a solid used in reference electrodes. The two reactions are

Zn = Zn²⁺ + 2e^-

Hg₂Cl₂ + 2e^- = 2Cl^- + 2Hg

1. What is the overall chemical reaction?
2. Develop an expression for U, the equilibrium potential of the cell.
3. Write down an expression for the standard potential of the cell in terms of the standard Gibbs energies of formation.
4. Use standard half-cell potentials from the table to determine the standard Gibbs energy of formation for aqueous ZnCl₂. Why is this value different than the value for solid ZnCl₂?
5. What is the standard Gibbs energy of formation for Hg₂Cl₂?

Write down top 5 vulnerabilities for a vulnerability scanner and explain in your own words, why this vulnerability is an issue.

Two flash resistance drums operated at 101.3 kPa are connected continuously.
You want to separate the hexaneooctane mixture. (Make the effective number two digits.

(a) fed feed with a zhexane of 0.3, 900 lbmol/hr, making V/F one-third flash at this time
How much is the liquid and vapor composition (yhexane,1, xhexane,1) of the hexane leaving the drum?
(b) (a) where the vapor disillate obtained through the problem is to be re-separated using the flash resistance drum;
All. The hexane composition (yhexane,2) of the projector stream leaving the second flash drum is to be 0.6
Calculate V2, L2, xhexane,2.