We mentioned earlier in the course that energy technologies in developing countries often have much lower efficacies than those in developed countries. Let’s look at one example, lighting via kerosene lamps, which are common in developing countries but about 150x less effective than incandescent lightbulbs at turning energy into useful light. If a family wanted just one tenth of the light provided by the 75 W lightbulb, they’d need to consume 15x as much power, or 1125 W. If a family ran 1125 W worth of kerosene lamps for just 2 hours each day, how much CO₂ would this emit? You may assume that kerosene produces the same emissions as gasoline.

4. The thickness of each part is 0.500”. The allowable stress of the material is 15,000 psi. The joint efficiency is 1.0 and the inside diameter is 60”. Calculate the maximum pressure for each part: a) 2:1 Ellipsoidal Head: __________ psi b) Torispherical Head: __________ psi c) Hemispherical Head: __________ psi d) Cylinder: __________ psi e) Sphere: __________ psi
5. State which shape is the best for containing pressure and which shape is the worst for containing pressure

Business information on styrene, such as major producers, trends in worldwide production capacity, recent industry news, new projects, typical plant capacities, and historic and current prices, and technology developments. Please include at least two recent business sources and one recent research / technology development article, with recent meaning, say, 2017–2020.

1- Assume that you are going to build up a model for a system where unit operation and unit processes are carried out. Explain the various steps involved in the process of model building for the system you have chosen.

Carman kozeny equation lead from darcy weisbach equation

A cyclone cluster is required to classify a slurry feed of 29wt% solids (SG_p = 2.9) at a solids flowrate of 410 tonnes per hour.

a. Determine the diameter of the cyclones required to operate at a d₅₀ of 70 micrometres. The cyclones are to be operated at a pressure drop of 150 kPa. The SG of the liquid phase water = 1.0.

b. Determine the number of cyclones that are required if the capacity of the cyclone found in question (a) is 75 litres/second.

Using an iron-iron carbide (Fe-Fe3C) Phase Diagram, identify and discuss the different important phases found in this diagram and the development of microstructure in iron-carbon alloys.

Describe each type of phase diagram and show all phase regions with all the relevant information for each region.

(A) Binary isomorphous phase diagram

(B) Binary eutectic phase diagram

Have you ever wondered what happens to your recycled plastics when they are picked up at the curb by the trash truck? It gives everybody a good feeling to recycle, but what if recycling means more trash fees?

Michael Dumper, CEO of Belmont Waste Hauling, recently told citizens of Belmont at a recent Town Council meeting that because of the closure of the closest recycling center, he will now need to haul recycled plastics almost 200 miles to be recycled. Recyclables make up almost 40% of the trash load from Belmont and as a result Belmont Waste Hauling will lose money on hauling recyclables.

The city of Belmont requires all municipal buildings and all newly constructed public buildings to provide recycling containers for use. Belmont Waste Hauling will continue to haul the city’s waste and recycling this year, but the company’s contract with the city expires next June. At that point the city will need to renegotiate a new contract, maybe with a new company.

Many of the larger trash hauling giants are not willing to deal with the many issues involved with recycling plastics and simply bury it in landfills. It takes a lot of money up front to recycle, and they are not willing to lose any amount of profit on any load of trash.

Michael Dumper maintains that he wants to keep the Belmont trash contract. He hopes that with a small increase in fees he can continue to serve the city of Belmont. Competition forces companies to stop recycling programs unless consumers are willing to pay for them, he says. And yes, finding recycling centers that are still sorting and recycling is a challenge, but Michael is not yet conceding defeat and will continue to face the challenge of finding the plants that are still operating.

1. Discuss the reasons some trash haulers dump recyclable plastics into landfills.
2. Explain why aluminum cans are recycled more often than most other recyclables.
3. Give three reasons why it is important to recycle as much as possible.
4. Identify three materials that can be recycled, other than plastic or aluminum, and explain how they are recycled.

Consider an irreversible 2nd-order reaction (A + B → C) in a batch reactor with the initial molar ratio of ΘB=CB0/CA0. Find the relation between time (t) and conversion (XA). (Hint: You need to consider cases of both CA=CB and CA≠CB.)

In a process plant, a large amount of saturated steam is available at a pressure of 2 MPa. Connected to the saturated steam system through a valve is a turbine followed by a well insulated tank which is initially evacuated (P=0). The volume of the tank is 2000 L. When emergency power is needed, the valve is opened and steam flows through the turbine, generating power and the tank fills until its pressure is 2 MPa.

At the end of this process the temperature of steam in the tank is 250 °C.

a) Draw a diagram of the system showing all mass and energy flows

b) Making (and listing & justifying) suitable assumptions, determine the amount of work generated by the turbine.

c) Determine the entropy generated by this process.

d) If there was no pressure drop across the valve when it is fully opened, and the turbine is adiabatic and isentropic, what would be the final temperature in the tank?

Explain briefly the following terms: a) Superheated steam b) Saturated steam c) Dryness fraction d) Sensible Heat e) Latent Heat f) Dry steam g) Wet Steam.

2. A solution of 500 kg of Na2SO4 in 2500 kg water is cooled from 333 K to 283 K in an
agitated mild steel vessel of mass 750 kg. At 283 K, the solubility of the anhydrous salt
is 8.9 kg/100 kg water and the stable crystalline phase is Na2SO4.10H2O. At 291 K,
the heat of solution is −78.5 MJ/kmol and the specific heat capacities of the solution
and mild steel are 3.6 and 0.5 kJ/kg deg K respectively. If, during cooling, 2 per cent
of the water initially present is lost by evaporation, estimate the heat which must be
removed. (use both methods)