What does "Salt boundary and Void volume" represent in Size Exclusion Chromatography?

Give the raw materials,process description,advantages,disadvantages,flow sheet for production of PENICILLIN.

Give the raw materials,process description,advantages,disadvantages ,flow sheet for the production of CITRIC ACID

Give the raw materials, process description,advantages,disadvantages ,flow sheet for the production of OXALIC ACID

In the transmission of infectious diseases, aerosolised droplets (from coughing and sneezing) are an important potential mode of transmission.

The size of droplets is critical, as the size dictates the rate at which droplets settle to surfaces under the action of gravity. You have been tasked with determining the settling rate (terminal velocity) of aerosolized droplets. The droplets may be assumed to be spherical, and have the properties of water (ρ=1000 kg/m3, μ=0.001 Pas). The droplets can be assumed to be settling in a quiescent atmosphere at standard temperature and pressure.

Determine the length of time droplets of the following sizes (at their terminal velocity) take to fall a distance of 1.0 m:

• 1μm

• 200μm

1. Explain how we learn about past climates?

2. Explain how volcanic eruptions or asteroid impacts affect climate?

3. Describe how changes in the Earth-Sun system create changing amounts of insolation?

Water at 34 ^oC is reacted with 2.34 tonne h^-1 of gaseous thionyl chloride, SO₂Cl₂, at 43 ^oC and the product stream leaves as liquid. The reaction is given by:

SO₂Cl₂ (g) + 2H₂O (aq) → H₂SO₄ (aq)           + 2HCl (aq)

1. Complete the mass balance if three times the stoichiometric quantity of water is used.
2. Calculate the amount of heat released in kW.
3. If 65% of the heat released is removed by a cooling coil, calculate the temperature of the product stream. Use a temperature datum of 15^oC.

DATA

Heat of reaction, ΔH_R,            = - 2.5 × 10⁵ kJ kmol^-1 Liquid specific heat = 4.2 kJ kg^-1K^-1

Gas specific heat                     = 1.0 kJ kg^-1K^-1 Relative atomic masses

MW Data

C = 12,     H = 1,       O = 16,        S = 32,     N= 14, Cl=35.5

Calculate the density of the following fluid mixtures. Report your answers in units of lbm/ft3 and kg/m3. You will need to use equation 1.A from the textbook, and you will need to clearly state a basis for your calculations. Consider using either an appropriate mass basis or a volume basis, whichever fits each sub-problem statement the best.

A solution of ethanol and water, containing 30% ethanol and 70% water (by volume). The density of water is 62.3 lbm/ft3, while the density of ethanol is 49.2 lbm/ft3.

A drilling mud that contains 32 weight (wt) % barite (BaSO4) and 68 wt% water. The specific gravity of barite is 4.7 (density of barite is 4.7 times greater than the density of water).

A gas volume that is 80% air (density of 1.23 kg/m3) and 20% carbon dioxide (density of 1.98 kg/m3), combined in a closed container at final pressure of 1 atmosphere and ambient temperature.

A plant to make 30 000 t y^-1 of glycerine and comprising 11 process steps was built in the UK five years ago, with a total investment cost of GBP 48 million. A new plant for the production of 50 000 t y^-1 of glycerine is now to be built near Ankara, Turkey. Because of more stringent international legislation, new glycerine plants require additional pollution control equivalent to 3 further process steps. Estimate the total investment cost in TRY (Turkish Lira) of such a plant using the data below.

Scale factor = 0.6

Please solve all bits. Otherwise i will thumbs down...sorry

A 200.0-liter water tank can withstand pressures up to 20.0 bar absolute before rupturing. At a
particular time the tank contains 165.0 kg of liquid water. the fill and exit valves are closed, and the
absolute pressure in the vapor head space above the liquid (which may be assumed to contain only
water vapor) is 3.a bar. A plant technician turns on the tank heater, intending to raise the water
temperature to 155°C, but is called away and forgets to return and shut off the heater. Let tl be the
instant the heater is turned on and t2 the moment before the tank ruptures. Use the steam tables for
the following calculations.
(a) Determine the water temperature. the liquid and head-space volumes (L), and the mass of water
vapor in the head space (kg) at time t1.
(b) Determine the water temperature, the liquid and head-space volumes (L), and the mass of water
vapor (g) that evaporates between tl and t2. (Hint: Make use of the fact that the total mass of
water in the tank and the total tank volume both remain constant between tl and t2')
(c) Calculate the amount of heat (kJ) transferred to the tank contents between tl and t2. Give two
reasons why the actual heat input to the tank must have been greater than the calculated value.
(d) List three different factors responsible for the increase in pressure resulting from the transfer
of heat to the tank. (Hint: One has to do with the effect of temperature on the density of liquid
water.)
(e) List ways in which this accident could have been avoided.

Air at 25 deg Celsius ( m = 0.018 cP) enters a section of 2-inch schedule 40 (ID = 2.067 in) commercial steel pipe( e = 0.0000457 m) at a gauge pressure of 310 kPa and a flow rate 1200 kg/hr) What is the pressure drop (in Kpa) in 60 meter of pipe.

PLEASE provide me a clear and complete solution. THANK YOU!

Protein and other biomolecules present special challenges for separation. One method for partial purification of proteins from cell extracts is ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration membranes have pores that separate molecules by molecular weight, but the separation is not perfect. In this process, a batch ultrafiltration operation is performed to partially purify recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) protein from small-molecule contaminants.

A feed stream contains rhDNase (P), contaminants (C) and water (W); the mass fraction of rhDNase in this stream is 0.1%; the mass ratio of contaminants to rhDNase is 4:1. A diluent stream containing only water is added to the feed. The retentate consists of rhDNase, contaminants and water that do not pass through the filter; water makes up 99.8 mass% of the retentate and contaminants are observed to make up 50% of the dry mass. The permeate stream consists of contaminants and water that have passed through the filter; essentially no rhDNase is present. The unit is controlled such that the permeate is twice the mass of the retentate.

Develop a flowsheet for a 1000 kg feed and determine the total masses and the masses of each component in each stream. Look up any terms you do not understand.

Batch and continuous biomass production Pseudomonas methylotrophus is used to produce single cell protein from methanol in a 1000-m pressure-cycle airlift fermenter. The biomass yield from substrate is 0.41 gg-, Ks is 0.7 mg 1", and the maximum specific growth rate is 0.44 h. The medium contains 4% (w/v) methanol. A substrate conversion of 98% is desirable. The reactor may be operated in either batch or continuous mode. If operated in batch, an inoculum of 0.01% (w/v) is used and the downtime between batches is 20 h. If continuous operations are used at steady state, a downtime of 25 days is expected per year. Neglecting maintenance requirements, compare the annual biomass production achieved using batch and continuous reactor

100 lbmoles of Methane is feed into a partial oxidizer with 160 lbmoles of dry air which also contains water(humidity = 0.050 lb water/lb dry air). The methane partially oxidizes to produce CO according to: CH4 + 3/2 O2 —> CO + 2H2O If the outlet gas contains 45.00% (mole %, wet basis) nitrogen, what is the reaction conversion based on the limiting reactant?