A membrane consists of a rigid disk of ? = 10 µm thick polycarbonate with 108 identical cylindrical pores, each with ? = 30 nm diameter. The pores pass through the entire membrane thickness normal to the membrane surface. Water (? = 1000 kg/m3 , ? = 10−3 Pa∙s) is forced through the membrane by applying a pressure of 10 atm (absolute) upstream, with 1 atm (absolute) pressure downstream. The pores are sufficiently spaced that flow through each pore is independent of that through all other pores. Furthermore, the pores are sufficiently large that continuum fluid mechanics remains valid. (a) Neglecting minor losses, what is the volume flow rate of water through the membrane? (b) Assuming the flow remains incompressible, what is the maximum pressure difference across the membrane at which the flow would be laminar?

Give the raw materials, process description,flow sheet, engineering problems faced in the manufacture of GLUE

Determine the lower heating value, in kJ per kmol of fuel and in kJ per kg of fuel, at 25 oC, 1 atm for \

(a) Gaseous ethane (C2H6).

(b) Liquid ethanol (C2H5OH).

Give the raw materials,process description, flow sheet,engineering problems faced in manufacture of LEATHER from HIDES AND SKINS

At a given flow parameter, we would like to increase G' from 0.1 to 0.2. Check which of the following will result.

A. The effect on pressure drop cannot be determined.

B. The pressure drop will decrease.

C. The pressure drop will increase.

D. The pressure drop will remain the same.

(a) Select eight correct statements from the following list. You will get one mark for every correct statement selected, but you will lose one mark for any incorrect statement you select, so do not just guess. No-one will go below 0 mark regardless of how many incorrect statements are selected.
1. The tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of power. 2. Thermal energy can be entirely converted into mechanical energy using an internal combustion engine. 3. At present, coal is the most abundant fossil-fuel in the word. 4. In the UK, oil-fired power production has been phased out following the high price of oil and the stringent emission limits introduced with the EU Large Combustion Plant Directive. 5. SOx and NOx emission is a greater issue in the operation of CCGT power plants rather than of coal-fired power plants. 6. Nuclear fusion is currently employed for electricity production in the UK. 7. In wind turbines, electromagnetic induction is essential to convert rotor kinetic energy into electrical energy. 8. A hydrogen fuel cell converts electricity into H2 and O2. 9. Semiconductor materials are essential for the operation of photovoltaics. 10. Stall and pitch control allow the safe operation of wind turbines. 11. Heat is always transferred from a hot to a cold body resulting is an overall decrease of entropy in an isolated system. 12. Impulse water turbines are ideal for high-head and low-flow hydro energy production. 13. Heat pumps are used to transfer heat from a warm to a cold environment. 14. District heating can be a form of Combined Heat and Power. 15. In the UK, tidal ebb generation provides four power generation peaks a day. 16. Information & Communication Technolo

1. A temperature measurement system shows the second order dynamics whose output y(s) in ⁰C and input x(s) in ⁰C is related with the transfer function                                              

Gs=(xs) / (ys)=(s2+8s+15) / 2

A step change of magnitude is introduced in this system. Determine

(a) Value of response               

(b) Y(t) at time t=3 sec

(c) Maximum value of Y(t)

(d) Ultimate value of Y(t)

(e) Minimum value of Y(t)

   How void swelling differs from irradiation growth?

A (LK) equivalent to A (LK) through a distillation column connected to the total condenser and partial reboiler.
The mixture of substance) and B is to be separated. saturized-liquid feed(F; 100) containing 50 mol% of A
When mol/h) is supplied and driven through the design conditions below, the composition of A in the desillate(D) is 0.96.
In Bottom(B), the creation of A was 0.18. (a) the total unit of equilibrium (including partial reboiler) and (b) the supply of raw materials;
Calculate the position of the end (number of positions down from the top plate), and (c) calculate the slope for each control line.
Calculate, except that the relative velocity (αA-B) of A and B is 2.57, and the answer of (a) and (b) is an integer.

Design conditions: The operating reflux ratio is set at 1.83 times the minimum reflux ratio (Rmin).

In solid state sintering, will atoms diffusing from the particle surface to the neck region by lattice diffusion have slower sintering rate than atoms diffusing from the particle surface to the neck region by surface diffusion?

An old storage tank of “46” m3 stores steam at 6000 kPa and 330 °C. A crack develops at the
top wall of the tank and steam starts to leak out to the atmosphere. An engineer realizes the
problem on time and stops the leak when the pressure inside the tank is below 4000 kPa. If
the leak is assumed to be adiabatic and reversible,
a) What is the final temperature of the steam remained in the tank? (10 points)
b) How much steam is released to the atmosphere? (10 points)

A steam power plant operates on a practical Rankine Cycle. The steam enters the turbine at 3 MPa and “648” K and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 46 kPa. You are assigned on a project to improve the thermal efficiency of this plant. a) Draw the schematic of the plant and determine the thermal efficiency of the practical cycle assuming that the efficiencies of pump and turbine are 0.75 and 0.7, respectively. ( b) Draw a TS diagram and show your suggestions for improving the thermal efficiency (i.e. increasing/decreasing temperature of steam entering into turbine, increasing/decreasing pressure of the boiler or condenser, and any other option). Show the effect of each case you suggest on a TS diagram. Discuss also the quality of steam in each case.