A system consists of 2 kg of carbon dioxide gas initially at state 1, where p₁ = 1 bar, T₁ = 300 K. The system undergoes a power cycle consisting of the following processes:

Process 1–2: Constant volume to p₂ = 2 bar.
Process 2–3: Expansion with pv^1.4 = constant.
Process 3–1: Constant-pressure compression.

Assuming the ideal gas model and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, calculate thermal efficiency.

1. Water vapor goes into a diffuser at steady state, with inlet conditions of 800 kPa, 200°C and velocity of 400 m/s. Superheated steam leaves the outlet at 2 MPa and velocity of

   2
   100 m/s. The inlet area of the diffuser is 14 cm . The system loses heat at the rate of 25 kJ/s

   to the surroundings. Neglect changes in potential energy between the inlet and outlet.

   1. What is the mass flow rate of the water vapor, in kg/s?

   2. What is the specific enthalpy of superheated steam leaving the diffuser, in kJ/kg?

   3. Estimate the temperature of the superheated steam at the outlet, in °C.

      (No linear interpolation, just give the nearest temperature value).

For this case study, you ideally will need to recruit a healthy adult competitive athlete. This person can be a recreational sports athlete, college athlete, or other type of active athlete. Alternatively, you can even use yourself. Note that this is just an academic exercise, so the person you are working with does not need to follow the program.

Go through Steps 1 to 8 from Unit 17, provided below, and develop nutritional guidepnes for your subject, dependent on the season that he/she is in. Then provide a discussion as to why you made your recommendations.

Show all calculations that may apply, using the methods in the course textbook related to the Steps. Make note of the person’s age, gender, sport, and athletic season.

Step 1: Determine body composition.

Step 2: Determine daily caloric expenditure range for training days and non-training days and for competition days.

Step 3: Determine the bioenergetics the sport primarily demands for peak athletic performance; Athlete- Type; Anaerobic - Immediate Energy System; Anaerobic Glycolytic; Anaerobic Glycolytic - Oxidative Glycolytic; and Oxidative. Some examples of sports are included below.

Step 4: Determine daily protein intake estimate and the foods and supplements to achieve it. Remember from your lessons that protein requirements can differ among different Athlete-Types and among individual athletes. This gives a scientific reason for making protein intake a priority for sports nutrition programs, in addition to other factors.

Step 5: Determine daily carbohydrate estimate and the foods and supplements to achieve it. Remember to plan for carbohydrate beverage intake before, during, and after practice and for sport events as appropriate. Modulate carbohydrate type and amount with meals and snacks to meet specific nutrition goals.

Step 6: Determine fat (essential fatty acids) intake estimate and plan, and select foods and cooking methods to achieve it. Keeping fat intake under 30 percent of total daily calories will be an ongoing skill to master. For certain sports, maintaining low fat intake during the season—between 15 and 20 percent of total daily calories—can be challenging and requires extra effort to make sure athletes are ingesting adequate amounts of the essential fatty acids: pnoleic and alpha-pnolenic acids. Add healthy sources of essential fatty acids in addition to EPA and DHA as required for health.

Step 7: Maintain proper fluid intake estimate to meet daily requirements, as determined by amount of physical activity, environmental factors, and specific athletic training, performance, and health needs.

Step 8: Determine the needs for using special sports nutrition and dietary supplement products.

Air undergoes a polytropic process in a piston–cylinder assembly from p1 = 1 bar, T1 = 295 K to p2 = 3 bar. The air is modeled as an ideal gas and kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. For a polytropic exponent of 1.6, determine the work and heat transfer, each in kJ per kg of air, (1) assuming constant cv evaluated at 300 K. (2) assuming variable specific heats.

A furnace wall is composed of three layers: 15 cm of firebrick [k = 1.5 W/(m*K)], followed by 22.5 cm of kaolin insulation brick [ k = 0.075 W/(m*K)], and finally followed by 4 cm of masonry brick [ k = 1.0 W/(m*K)]. The temperature of the inner wall surface (firebrick) is 1400 K and the outer surface (masonry brick) is at 350 K. Assume each layer has an area normal to the direction of heat flow equal to 1 m^2.

a.) What is the temperature at the firebrick-kaolin interface?

b.) What is the temperature at the kaolin-masonry interface?

c.) Across what material is the temperature drop the highest?

write a 4 pages report discussing the evaluation into south african coal export trends through the past25 years. Are the demands being met? guys as soon as possible.....

***Fluid Flow***

What is the difference between using venturi meters vs orifice meters? Is there an advantage for using one over the other the two?

7.7) If 23.70 mL of 0.0400 M KMnO4 is required to titrate a 0.400 g sample of K3[Fe(C2O4)3]⋅3H2O, what is the percent C2O2−4 in the complex?

A sample containing precious chemicals (MF and BAD) is given to you to analyze anddetermine the molar compositions. You can’t measure MF directly so you must send itthrough a reactor where it reacts with BAD in three reactions:

R1: MF + BAD→MAD + FB
R2: MF + 3BAD→B2 + F(AD)3 + MB R3: 2MF + 3BAD→2MBAD + 2FD+BA

The selectivity of FB to MB is 13.4 and the selectivity of B2 to BA is 165. If your equipment detects 2 moles of BA:

What is the molar composition of the original sample?

Can you determine the product stream composition? If so, what is it?

1. Compare and contrast primary and secondary treatment in septic tanks. What are the goals/desired outcomes? How are those achieved in each system?

Similarity:

Primary:

     Goal or outcome =

    How achieved =

Secondary:

            Goal or outcome =

            How achieved =

An ideal gas known as Minesium (MW=34.0) is flowing at a steady rate of 0.125 lbmol/min through a 62.5 in2 circular tube at a temperature of 185 °F and pressure of 42.0 psig. What is the velocity (ft/s) of this ideal gas? Assume Patm = 14.7 psia. The correct answer is 0.586 ft/s, but I don't understand how to get this answer.

Two representative pollutants are radon (²²²Rn) and benzene. Parameters needed for the estimation are listed in the table below. Answer the following questions.

(a) Estimate the steady-state radioactivity in the station in Bq m^-3.

(b) Estimate the steady-state concentration of benzene both in mg m^-3 and in ppbv. Molecular weight of benzene is 78 g mol^-1. Assume 298 K and 1 atm (= 101,325 Pa).

(c) Although regulatory limit of indoor benzene concentration is 30 mg m^-3 in Korea, researchers argue that it should be as low as 1.3 mg m^-3 considering carcinogenic risk of benzene. Can you lower the benzene concentration as low as for protection of citizens’ health? Suggest potential options to lower benzene concentration in the station.