Question

What therapies are used in the management of atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis is a disease caused by the narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque on the walls of the artery. The plaques formed restrict the flow of blood leading to heart attacks, stroke and vascular diseases.

The management of atherosclerosis includes change in lifestyle, medications and surgical procedures.

The main aim of the treatment is to:

• Relieve the symptoms
• Prevent atherosclerosis related health issues
• Lower the risk of formation of blood clots
• Widening the blocked artery

1. Lifestyle changes: This is the most appropriate treatment for atherosclerosis. They can help you prevent or slow down the progression of atherosclerosis.

• Quit smoking – Smoking tightens and damages the arteries thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerosis.
• Exercise – Indulge in regular physical activities or exercise as it improves the blood circulation and lower risk factors including high blood pressure, excess weight and diabetes. Exercise also promotes the development of new blood vessels.
• Healthy food - Include food that is high in fiber and low in fat, sodium, carbohydrates and sugars. Include fruits and vegetables, whole grains and legumes in your diet.
• Stress management – Practice healthy techniques to cope up with stress to improve emotional and physical health.

2. Medications: Certain drugs can slow down or reverse the effects of atherosclerosis which include:

• Statins – They are the most widely used medication to lower LDL cholesterol. They also help stabilize the lining of the coronary arteries and prevent atherosclerosis. Example Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Lovastatin.

• Fibrates – They reduce the levels of triglycerides and stop the buildup of fatty deposits. Examples Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil.

• Anti-platelet medications – They are prescribed in order to prevent the formation of clots and prevent heart attacks and strokes. Example aspirin, clopidogrel, Coumadin.

• Other medications include diuretics and drugs used to reduce high blood pressure. Reducing blood pressure lowers the risk of atherosclerosis.

3. Surgical procedures: Surgical procedures are opted only when there is a severe blockage which cannot be treated by medications. They include:

• Angioplasty and stent placement.

• Bypass surgery.