Question

Public Health

1. Provide an example of when conforming to the group norms results in positive health outcomes

2. Describe an example of a program that involves many resources and has high dissemination. Explain what overall public health impact of the program will likely be

Answer 1

Public health:

1. Group norms are that which is regarded as normal or typical for a group. It is a rule that is enforced by the members of a community. Confirming to the certain group norms can result in positive health outcomes. Group norms are the expected behaviour of individuals in a group or a community. Most of the group norms are for maintaining a healthy and peaceful environment for the members of the group.

Examples for group norms that have a positive health outcomes are:

One man one woman: Even though effect of Modernism changed the perspective of American culture, still there is a silent group norm regarding a man or woman, especially married man or woman should not have an extra marital affairs. Many research studies show that sexually transmitted diseases are more prevalent in those who have extramarital affairs and those who have multiple partners. ( For example: Herpes simplex infection). The norm one man one woman helps the individual to prevent from the risk of Sexually transmitted diseases.  

Other examples:

* Early childhood education:helps to prevent child maltreatment and abuse and ensure healthy children physically, emotionally and intellectually.

* Maintaining ques in lines in the bus stops and other waiting areas: prevent falls and accidents.

* Mothers should take care of her children, and exclusive breastfeeding to the baby by mother.: Exclusive breast feeding is an essential component for babies' healthy growth.

2. Example of a programme that involves many resources and has high dissemination :

WISEWOMAN Programme: The Well Integrated Screening and Evaluation for WOMan Across the Nation Programme started under CDC ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for reducing the risk of women from Chronic diseases , stroke and heart diseases. This Programme mainy targeting the uninsured or underinsured, low income women between the age 40 to 64 years. The first phase started at 1995. Many researches conducted at first phase , during second phase many Evidenced based Interventions implemented to improve women's health by Screening and early diagnosis of chronic diseases. This Programme achieved a high dissemination as the countries and states accepted the programme widely. Each states has its own variety schemes under WISEWOMAN Programme. For Example: ' Farm to family ' for getting fresh, locally grown fruits and vegetables for women in Vermont. This initiative is under the WISEWOMAN Programme.

Health Impact: This programme focuses on screening of blood glucose, cholesterol levels and high blood pressure and promoting the interventions such as Cessation of smoking and alcoholism, healthy dietary patterns and regular physical activity. WISEWOMAN Programme also works in collaboration with National breast and Cervical cancer Early Detection programme ( NBCCEDP). This cancer prevention approach helped nearly 100000 women in different States.