Question

Can someone please compare and contrast between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription initiation phase with explanation? I will really appreciate.

Difefrences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription initiatikn phase ?

Answer 1

In eukaryotes transcription initiation requires several transcription factors. These transcription initiation factors bind to the promoter and then recruit the RNA polymerase for transcription initiation.
Eukaryotes unlike prokaryotes have three main types of RNA polymerase for the transcription of different groups of RNA. In eukaryotes transcription and translation doesn’t occur simultaneously. Transcription takes place in the nucleus whereas translation occur in the cytoplasm.

In prokaryotes RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter region without the need of transcription factors but the enzyme needs sigma factor to initiate transcription at specific sites. Upstream to the promoter are present two sequence elements at -35 and at -10 position. These elements enhance the rate of transcription. Rho factor is required for the termination of the transcription.
Prokaryotes only have a single RNA polymerase. Transcription and translation takes place simultaneously in the cytoplasm.