A type of DNA repair, in which a DNA glycosylase enzyme cleaves the bond between nucleotide's...

A type of DNA repair, in which a DNA glycosylase enzyme cleaves the bond between nucleotide's sugar and its attached base, is called ________________________________________.

Expert Solution

Ans : Base Excision Repair

The genetic material DNA can undergo damage due to endogenous factors like metabolic byproducts and Exogenous factors like radiation, toxins and other viral infections. Fixing of these damages is important for the normal functioning. The processs of repair is called DNA repair mechanism.

DNA repair mechanism can be broadly classified as Single strand DNA repair mechanisam and double strand DNA repair mechanism.

Single stranded DNA repar	Double stranded DNA repar
Direct reversal repair	Homologous recombination repair
Base excision repair	Non homologous end joining
Nucleotide excision repair
Missmatch repair

Base Excision repair

Involves removal of damaged base pair from the DNA
Different DNA glycosylase involved in the process
DNA glycosylase recognise the defect
It cleaves the bond between Nucleotide sugar and its attached Base
It removes the base.
AP endonuclease recognize the AP site (base lacking site in DNA )
AP endonuclease removes the sugar phosphate
DNA polymerase fills the removed site with the correct base
DNA ligase seals the nick.

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Happens during Large defects
DNA uncoiled exposing the defect
Exinuclease cuts the both strands of damaged part
Gap is filled with the help of DNA polymerase
Defect is sealed by DNA ligase.

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