Question

1. Which error prone enzyme leads to increased mutation rates in RNA viruses?
   1. DNA dependent DNA polymerase
   2. RNA dependent RNA polymerase
   3. DNA dependent RNA polymerase
   4. RNA dependent DNA polymerase
2. Antigenic drift permits viruses to evade which host defense?
   1. Innate
   2. Adaptive
   3. Interferon
   4. All of the above
   5. None of the above
3. Antigenic drift can lead to vaccine resistance?
   1. Correct
   2. Incorrect
4. Is antigenic drift a normal evolutionary process for viruses?
   1. Yes
   2. No

Answer 1

RNA dependent RNA polymerase leads to increased mutation rates in RNA viruses. This is because of the high rate of replication of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase leads to increase mutation at each cycle of replication . The accumulation of different mutations leads to a condition known as genetic drift.

Antigenic drift permits viruses to evade innate , adaptive , and interferons .Innate immunity is divided into 4 groups :- 1) Physiological barriers

2) physical barriers

3) cellular barriers

4) interferons :-interferons are small protein particles that are secreted by the virus infecting cells to protect the surrounding healthy cells.

Adaptive immunity is divided into two groups:-

1) humoral mediated adaptive immunity

2) cell mediated adaptive immunity

Correct antigenic drift can leads to vaccine resistance as a genetic drift results in the accumulation of mutations at each cycle of replication . The mutations results in the variations in the genome of the virus therefore result in the formation of different proteins and vaccine resistance is developed.

Yes, genetic drift is a normal evolutionary process in viruses.

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