Question

Explain how the trait is an advantage to the organism and how natural selection occurs.

Answer 1

Ans - Natural selection is a non random process by which biological traits become more or less common in a population as a function of the differential reproduction of their bearers for differences in the rate of survival.Natural selection can act on an heritable phenotypic traits and operate among and entities that reproduce, show inheritance of their characteristics from one generation to the next and fitness.

If an individual has some form of a trait that gives him a better chance of survival in a given environment, then evidently his offspring inherit that trait.

Evidence of natural selection
Industrial melanism- industrial magnesium is a phenomenon used to describe the evolution process in which initially light colour organisms population become dark as a result of natural selection. Industrial melanism affected over 70 species of moths in England. It has been that studies in the peppered moth biston betularia. Priot to 1800, the typical more species had a light colour pattern. Dark coloured or melanic moths were rare. Population that contains more than one recognisable form of polymorphic during the industrial revolution,soot and other industrial waste darkened tree trunk and killed off lichens. Because light coloured peppered moth relay on camouflage to avoid predation, this sudden change in their environment made them highly vulnerable to predators in course of time, light coloured moth become rare and dark coloured moth become abundant. The cause of this change was thought to be selective predation by Birds, which favoured camouflage coloration in the moth.