Use the following to answer questions 11-14:

Suppose that firms A, B, C and D are Bertrand duopolists in the salt industry. The market demand curve can be specified as Q=100-3p, Q=q_A+q_B+q_C+q_D.

(The firms choose prices simultaneously.)

The cost to firm A is C(q_A)=7q_A.

The cost to firm B is C(q_B)=3q_B.

The cost to firm C is C(q_C)=7q_C

The cost to firm C is C(q_D)=3q_D

Firm A will earn? (piA=?)

Firm B will earn? (piB=?)

Firm C will earn? (piC=?)

Firm D will earn? (piD=?)

1. Discuss the roles of institutions in promoting business with suitable examples. 2. Critically evaluate the impact of globalization on the internal environment of business with suitable examples. i need references as well please

Consider the following market model: Qd t = 10 Qs t = −1 + 2Pt Pt+1 = Pt − 0.1(Qs t − Qd t ) where P is the price, Qd is the quantity demanded, Qs is the quantity supplied and t is time period. Set up a difference equation in terms of market price P, present its general solution, and draw a phase diagram(Cobweb Model).

What are the characteristics of the classical economy. explain the theories in terms of: price, value, currency, growth, distribution. explain the theories of classical economics and Adam Smith.

The U.S. and many other governments spend more then it raises in taxation almost every year. Since 1965 the federal government has balanced its budget 4 times (1969, 1998-2000). What are the moral aspects of this? What are the moral failings of the people (government and voters) that allow us to justify non-stop borrowing from the future to pay for current consumption? What should we do and why don't we do it?

Question 4: People decide how to “budget” their time in much the same way that they decide how to budget for different goods. Each person decides how much they “value” their leisure time versus their work time. The more people work, the more they tend to value their remaining leisure time. This is the justification for paying overtime to people working over 40 hours per week.

1. How might we model this trade-off economically using the basic labor supply model by showing the budget line and utility curves or indifference curves? In your graph of the basic labor supply, be sure to identify the optimum point of the budget line and the indifference curve.
2. Suppose that the government imposes a tax on labor. If a tax is imposed on labor, the worker will perceive this tax as a reduction in his or her wage. For every hour worked, the individual worker receives a lower return on his or her labor. Demonstrate the effects of this tax on labor supply using the graph in part a showing a graph of the income effect and the substitution effect. That is, there are two graphs. Summarize the impacts of this tax on labor.

Analyze the effect of the following events on the economy. Make sure to explain everything step-by-step. The example is provided in the first task.

a) The central bank increases the money supply.

Ms increases => interest rate decreases => investment increases =>Y increases

On the graph: LM shifts to the right; at the new equilibrium point, Y increases, interest rate decreases.

b) The government increases taxes.

c) The government increases government spending.

d) MPC increases.

e) the tax rate decreases.

2. The real demand for money (Md = Md (nominal)/P) is expressed as a linear function:

(1) Md = kY-hr

(2) Ms = Md

a)         Explain the sign of coefficients k and h. What types of money demand do they refer to?

b)         Explain why there is no equation for the money supply.

c)         Using equation (1), express i as the function of Y (simply solve it for r variable).

d)         Draw the function obtained in point (c)

why company management's matters?

4. Which of the following responses would an economist expect to result from an increase in interest rates?
(x) Thelma puts less money into savings accounts and bonds because a higher interest rate scares her since it is always an indication that the assets are more risky.
(y) Since the interest expense on any given loan increases as the interest rate increases, Beatrice decides to purchase a smaller home than she had initially planned because her monthly income is fixed.
(z) Ford Motor Co decides to delay a bond sale that would have raised the necessary funds to expand a factory because it is now more expensive to borrow.
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (z) only
5. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
(x) If the Fed targets the interest rate, it must reduce the money supply if the interest rate is above its target.
(y) In recent years, the Fed has conducted policy by setting a target for the federal funds rate.
(z) In recent years, the Fed has chosen to target interest rates rather than the money supply because the money supply is hard to measure with sufficient precision.
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (z) only

Marginal analysis and decision-making:

Concept: The Fundamental Assumption of Economics

All social phenomena emerge from the actions and interactions of individuals who are gathering in response to expected marginal benefits and expected marginal costs to themselves.

Definition: Marginal is additional or incremental (amount of increase) or decremental (amount of decrease).
Should I do (choose) activity x?
MC (x) = the additional costs of doing x
MB (x) = the additional benefits of doing x
Rule:

If Expected MB (x)> Expected MC (x), do x; otherwise don't.
Application:

Would an employer ever hire anyone if the additional cost of his or her employment were greater than the marginal / additional benefit? Of course not, to do so would be irrational.

Assumptions:

- Are you married? When will you get married? You will make that decision using marginal analysis, right? Explain.

what happen to bring steinhoff chaos in 2018

Turkish Economy (ECON422)

What does Doctrinaire mean? How was it different from Atatürk’s version of étatism ?

Turkish Economy (ECON422)

What was the final outcome of étatism during the Atatürk period? In other words, which sectors' shares increased and decreased in the Turkish economy?

3. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
(x) If at some specific interest rate the quantity of money demanded is more than the quantity of money supplied, people will desire to sell interest-earning assets causing the interest rate to increase.
(y) Ceteris paribus, as the price of bonds falls, the interest rate on bonds falls.
(z) A decrease in the interest rate induces firms to borrow more, which will result in more investment spending and an increase in the aggregate demand for goods and services.
A. (x), (y) and (z) B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only D. (y) and (z) only
E. (x) only
4. Which of the following responses would an economist expect to result from an increase in interest rates?
(x) Thelma puts less money into savings accounts and bonds because a higher interest rate scares her since it is always an indication that the assets are more risky.
(y) Since the interest expense on any given loan increases as the interest rate increases, Beatrice decides to purchase a smaller home than she had initially planned because her monthly income is fixed.
(z) Ford Motor Co decides to delay a bond sale that would have raised the necessary funds to expand a factory because it is now more expensive to borrow.
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (z) only
5. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
(x) If the Fed targets the interest rate, it must reduce the money supply if the interest rate is above its target.
(y) In recent years, the Fed has conducted policy by setting a target for the federal funds rate.
(z) In recent years, the Fed has chosen to target interest rates rather than the money supply because the money supply is hard to measure with sufficient precision.
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (z) only