1) Why would a Keynesian monetarist use a contractionary monetary policy? What goals are they trying to achieve and why? (3 points)

​​​2) In the neoclassical money market (interest rates on the vertical axis) what does AS represent? (2 points)

3) In the neoclassical money market, how can AS shift to the right without shifting AD? How could this be accomplished? Why would the outcome of growth with lower interest rates be desired? (5 points)

4) Why are nominal interest rates not a good monetary target for expansionary monetary policy if inflation is expected? (3 points)

5) What is one example of a monetary aggregate that can be used as a target for long term policy? (2 points)

Post a policy-action that you believe the government should do in the next six months (in terms of fiscal or monetary policy). Just focus on one policy action, but you must provide a good logical reasoning for why you think the government should take this action.

While sipping a cup of coffee, CEO William Corke began to reminisce. It seemed like yesterday, but it was actually more than 10 years ago when he had convinced the board of directors of National Foods, Inc., to go into the soft drink business. Here he was a decade later, sampling a product that his VP of Marketing, Samantha Gordon, was telling him would be an even stronger “growth engine” for the company than bottled water. She had pointed out to him that in 2003 Caribbean consumers spent $1 billion on coffee. Although this amount was far less than the $3 billion spent annually for tea, it was five times as much as people spent on coffee a decade ago. “It’s obvious,” she told him, “National Foods must get into the coffee business.” As he poured his second cup of coffee, Bob had to admit that even he had begun to prefer coffee over tea. He decided to call Samantha into his office to discuss the matter further. “Okay, Samantha,” Bob began, “You’ve always had a good instinct for what’s new in the market. But before we leap into this, I want a report on exactly why you believe coffee will be the real spark to our company’s growth in the coming 5 years. After all, in our business it’s all about ‘share of stomach.’ If people are drinking more coffee, then they might be drinking fewer soft drinks and bottled water, so we’d be cannibalizing our own products. I’d feel much better if you could help me understand why this wouldn’t be the case. Furthermore, what are the key determinants of the demand for coffee? Could this be just a fad? Already people are starting to tire of their low-carb diets.

Required

a. Based on the scenario, prepare a response to the CEO describing how five key demand determinants that could affect the demand for coffee.

b. Based on your response to question 1 above, write the expression for the following for coffee: a. Demand function ( 5 marks) b. Demand curve

c. How might people respond to changes in the price of competing products such as bottled water and carbonated soft drinks?

d. Explain the factors that would determine if coffee is a ‘luxury’ good, or a necessity.

Is Singapore doing enough to stop the exploitation of migrant workers?

- If yes, explain what has been effective in addressing the mistreatment of migrant workers.

- If not, explain what is needed to prevent migrant workers from being mistreated in the labour market.

The main objectives of this discussion topic are the following:

To provide clear definition for Pure Competitive Markets or Perfectly Competitive Markets

To provide a clear set of characteristics of Purely Competitive Markets

To assess the theoretical and policy relevance of Purely Competitive markets to the real world (in other words evaluate why Purely Competitive Markets are still being taught in Principles of Microeconomics),

To provide clear definition for Non-Competitive Markets or Imperfectly Competitive Markets (example, Monopoly, Monopolistic, Oligopoly, Bilateral Monopoly etc)

To provide a clear set of characteristics of Non-Competitive or Imperfectly Markets

Also critically assess the theoretical and policy relevance of the different types of non-competitive markets in the real world

To comment on the Economics of Labor Markets -Are there purely competitive labor markets, Bilateral Monopoly labor markets, Monopolist labor markets etc?

Analyze Esther Duflo’s social experiments to fight poverty

Using graphs, show the relationship between production and costs, by using marginal product of labor (MPL), Average Product of labor (APL), Marginal Cost (MC), and Average Cost (AC) curves?

What has been the role of the ILO in improving international labour standards and how effective has the ILO been in accomplishing these aims?

Which statement best describes the Federal Reserve timeframe for monetary policy implementation and observable policy effect?

short implementation time with a long lag before observation of effectiveness

long implementation time with a short lag before observation of effectiveness

short implementation time with a short lag before observation of effectiveness

long implementation time with a long lag before observation of effectiveness

short implementation time with a no lag before observation of effectiveness

long implementation time with a no lag before observation of effectiveness

1A: The discount rate is

Question 1 options:

2A: If the Fed sells government securities (or bonds) it owns to commercial/private banks, then there is

Question 2 options:

3A: Which of the following represents an action by the Federal Reserve that is designed to increase the money supply?

Question 3 options:

4A: When the Fed raises the required reserve ratio, the bank’s excess reserve _____ and the money supply _____

Question 4 options:

5A: An open market purchase (buying) of government securities (bonds) by the Fed results in _____ in reserves and _____ in the money supply.

Question 5 options:

6A: An open market sale of securities by the Fed results in _____ in reserves and _____in the money supply.

Question 6 options:

(PPP in China) The International Comparison Program (ICP) reported a price level index (PLI) for China of 42 in 2005 and 54 in 2011. Recall that, by construction, the PLI for the United States is always 100. 1. Find the percent change in the Yuan-dollar real exchange rate between 2005 and 2011. 2. In 2005 the size of the Chinese economy, at PPP exchange rates, was 43 percent that of the U.S. economy. Ignoring growth in physical output, find the size of the Chinese economy, at 2011 PPP exchange rates, relative to that of the U.S. economy. 3. Suppose instead that all of the observed real appreciation of the yuan was due to the imposition of import tariffs by China. Assume that in the U.S. and China the price level is given by P = Pγ XP1−γ M , where γ = 0.5, PX and PM denote export and import prices, respectively, and that absent tariffs the law of one price holds. Find the size of the import tariff.

Answer one of the questions please

Give and example of a negative or a positive externality. What type of Pigovian solution would you propose to equalize the private and social cost or benefit? Can a private solution be reached (following the ideas of Ronald Cause?) Why or why not?

What are the two important functions that profits and losses perform, according to Ludwig von Mises, which cannot be replicated under socialism?

Explain Arrow's impossibility theorem. What is Arrow's main conclusion? What is his main contribution ?