Question

Can you please paraphrase the whole answers with the same thought written in the answer, because that is answered by me and my friend, we have to have different answers.

Schistosomes case study

A Sixty-eight year old male from sudan had a stool examination as part of a refugee screening. His blood work-up also revealed increased level of eosinophils. A formalin-ethyl acetate concentration was performed on the stool specimen. the pictures below are was found on a wet mount preparation.

Questions to answer:

1. What is your Diagnosis? Based on the morphologic appearance?

My diagnosis for the patient has a disease called the Schistomiasis. This is the first symptom for this disease is the inflammation of the cercaria penetration site. That is why there is an increased of eosinophils because of this parasite. Also, as you can see in the picure the eggs looks like an oblong. Therefore, the parasite that is causing the infection is the Schistosoma mansoni who is the only one who looks the perfect oblong. Also, you can see in the picture that there is a prominent large lateral spine present in the eggs. This is one of the indicators of the eggs for the parasite.

Reference:

        Zeibig, Elizabeth A. (2013). Clincal Parasitology: A Practical Approach. 2nd Edition

2. How does Human get infected with this parasite?

The humans get infected with this parasite when the fork tail cercariae is penetrated in to the skin of the human. After this the schistosomule will now travel into the blood stream, and this is where they will mature into the adulthood. They reside in the veins around the intestinal tract. They also reside in the blood passage of the liver. The female lay their eggs and they will found their way into the bloodstream through the colon. The eggs will be excreted into the tissue with the help of their produced enzymes.

Reference:

Zeibig, Elizabeth A. (2013). Clincal Parasitology: A Practical Approach. 2nd Edition

3. Other than Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, what other method can be done to recover eggs of this parasite?

There are other ways where in you can recover the eggs of the parasite other than the Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration. One of the laboratory diagnoses for this parasite is the recovery of eggs into the stool. You can also recover the eggs into the rectal biopsy specimen. There are number of techniques that is also available for the recovery of the eggs of this parasite. You can use a number of immunodiagnostic techniques. You can also include the ELISA to recover eggs from this parasite.

Reference:

        Zeibig, Elizabeth A. (2013). Clincal Parasitology: A Practical Approach. 2nd Edition

Answer 1

My diagnosis is Schistosomiasis. It also known as snail fever. The is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes mansoni. The diagnosis is done by presence of eggs in stool or Urine. The presenceof  oblong shaped eggs  and a prominent large latral spine are classical features of schistosome eggs as shown in picture. The presence of inflammation around cerceria penitration site and esnophilia help to clinch the diagnosis.

How does Human get infected with this parasite?

The infection occurs parasite penetrate skin. There it reaches the blood and remains in blood till reaches adulthood. When maturity is reached, mating occurs and eggs are produced. Eggs enter the bladder/intestine and are excreted through urine and feces and the process repeats. If the eggs do not get excreted, they can become engrained in the body tissues and cause a variety of problems such as immune reactions and organ damage.

Reference:

Zeibig, Elizabeth A. (2013). Clincal Parasitology: A Practical Approach. 2nd Edition

1. Other than Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, what other method can be done to recover eggs of this parasite

Eggs can be recovered from, stool sample, Urine sample or tissue biopsy ( rectal).

Methords used to recover eggs include

Kato techinque

   enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,

circumoval precipitation test

alkaline phosphatase immunoassay etc