In: Operations Management
answer-
a- It is avoided in general because sometimes policies or procedures are so wide to implement that they become time consuming and increase cost of business. Many companies which considered themselves low risk companies try to have procedures and policies which can be created and implemented in less time or they just completely ignore them.
For example- a small bakery or small fast food company with few employees may not want to have policies or procedures to take up its time and money to create and implement it.
b- There are certain circumstances where business is big and risky then having policies and procedures is very necessary. for example- A Manufacturing company employing more than 100 workers and employees will face situations like workplace hazzards, discrimination etc so they must have implement policies to guide behavior and activities of worker and procedures to solve the issues like file a complaint to manager if any worker misbehave with any other co worker or always wear safety gears and work with safety at the company.when risks are high then it is required to have policies and procedures.