What are the strengths of twin studies with regard to other epidemiologic study designs? What makes...

What are the strengths of twin studies with regard to other epidemiologic study designs? What makes them particularly useful when studying health outcomes?

What is the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins? How might these differences impact the interpretation of exposures and outcomes in twin studies?

Expert Solution

What are the strengths of twin studies with regard to other epidemiologic study designs?

These studies help to understand the contribution of genetics when compared with the environment, to a given trait.
It has also helped to increase the potential for the epidemiological tool contributing to the field of genetics and other life sciences.

What makes them particularly useful when studying health outcomes?

Twin study has more influence on detecting and treating various diseases as well as psychological disorders.
It also helps researchers to examine the role of genes in the development of disorders.
It also helps to examine genetic and environmental effects on disorders that transmit across generations.
All information got from the studys related to twin study can develop ways to prevent medical disorders as well as maladaptive behaviours.

What is the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins?

SL No	Monozygotic Twins	Dizygotic Twins
1	It is also called as Identical Twins	It is also called as Fraternal Twins
2	Here one fertilized Zygote (egg) splits into two separate embryo	Here two eggs are released by mother and then fertilized by two sperms
3	They look alike and have perfectly matched DNA	They can be 2 boys, 2 girls or 1 of each-a boy and a girl.
4	This type of twins are present, though not common.	This is the common form of twins.
5	They have shared placenta	They have separate placenta

How might these differences impact the interpretation of exposures and outcomes in twin studies?

Difference in Zygote, influences both plasma glucose and plasma insulin concentration during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.The differences helps us to understand an intrauterine influence on glucose homeostasis and also on insulin resistence in humans.In disorders like goiter:strong genetic dependence was indicated by twin studies.Food preferences varies from twins to twins.

Hence all these studies help us to understand and learn how genetics helps in twin development.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago

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