Question

research about tuberculosis common in Oman and its emergence( with evidence that it is one of the common microbial infection in Oman e.g. % of cases )
The research report will include the following information about tuberculosis:
a.MOT( mode of transmission)
b.CA (causative agent)
c.signs and symptoms of infection
d.laboratory test
e.treatment or antimicrobial therapy
f. appropriate measures to prevent or control the infection.

Answer 1

Tuberculosis in Oman:

Tuberculosis was a great nuisance in the gulf country of Oman. It has troubled the health of the Oman population since years with rampant transmission of the disease. However, the Oman government and its health department has taken numerous steps to curb the disease. In 1981-1992, TB cases plummeted by 11%. From 1992 to 2016, rates were slower (4.6%). Almost 87% success rate was achieved by the initiative.

a. Mode of transmission

Tuberculosis causing pathogen is spread through the air from one person to another. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, s/he releases the pathogens in air which can be breathed in by a healthy person.

b. Causative agent

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

c. Signs and symptoms

• Chest pain
• Prolonged coughing
• Blood in cough (occassionally)
• Weakness
• Weight loss
• Fever, night sweats

d. Laboratory test

Mantoux tuberculin skin test

A tiny amount of fluid known as tuberculin is injected in the forearm, just below the skin. It contains inactivated TB protein. If after two-three days there is a bump at the site of infection, the patient is tested positive for tuberculosis.

e. Treatment or antimicrobial therapy

The patient is treated with a long course of antibiotics (antimicrobial drugs). For example, antibiotics like isoniazid, rifampin, etc are given to the patient. The course may last atleast six to nine months.

f. Appropriate measures to prevent or control the infection

• The patient must take the medicines/drugs/antibiotics at prescribed times for the prescribed durations diligently
• S/he must cover mouth while speaking, sneezing, coughing, etc
• People in proximity to the patients must wear masks, sanitize their hands and personal belongings, etc
• Patient must wash hands after coughing, sneezing
• They should avoid public places
• Vaccination at infant stage

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