Question

•Describe the contributions of digital technology to imaging techniques.

•List the uses of traditional X-rays and the advantages of digital X-rays.

•Describe the uses of ultrasound.

•Discuss the newer digital imaging techniques of digital X-rays

Define robotic surgery ch 5

Define endoscopic surgery

Define minimally invasive surgery

Define augmented reality

Define telepresence surgery

be aware of the Socrates system, which allows long-distance mentoring of surgeons in real time

‒computed tomography (CT) scans

‒magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

‒functional MRI

‒positron emission tomography (PET) scans

‒single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans and optical imaging

‒their uses, advantages, and disadvantages.

•Define nanotechnology.

•Describe computer-aided detection.

•Discuss the dangers of medical radiation.

•Define picture archiving

define communications systems (PACS).

•Describe interventional radiology techniques of bloodless surgery

•List some of the uses of computers in surgery.

•Describe the role of computers in surgical planning.

•

•

•Describe NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operation (NEEMO).

•

•Describe the Operating Room of the Future.

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•List some of the robots used in surgery, including ROBODOC, AESOP, ZEUS, and da Vinci.

Answer 1

Question No.1

Describe the contributions of digital technology to imaging techniques.

Digital technology is expanding and advancing in all areas nowadays. In Healthcare industry since the X-Rays imaging was discovered technology further find many ways to improve it through research and development. There are many contributions of digital technology in imaging techniques:

-Digital imaging has now replaced the traditional film system and become the most widely used technology.

-Digital technology makes work more efficient and allowing flexibility of staffing options.

-There is many benefits on the patients end that digital imaging technology is capable of producing images of similar contrast to conventional imaging by giving less radiation dose to the patient.

- More features than conventional imaging techniques. Like Direct Digital Radiography with high detective quantum efficiency.

- So less exposure with the body is needed in digital technology imaging because of high efficiency and accuracy.

- Digital detectors have a wider and linear dynamic range, which is believed to have contributed to dose reduction.

Question No.2

List the uses of traditional X-rays and the advantages of digital X-rays.

A. X Rays are produced with beams of electrons in a vacuum tube strike a metal and decelerate emitting energy as X Rays. Due to their high energy they can pass through the soft tissues of our body easily allowing us to see the skeleton inside.

B. It is the first imaging method indicated to evaluate the extremities, chest, and sometimes the spine and abdomen. These areas contain important structures with densities that differ from those of adjacent tissues.

C. Used to detect fracture, pneumonia, and intestinal obstructions.

Advantages of Digital X-Rays

1. Higher quality images than conventional.
2. Cost effective.
3. Eco friendly.
4. Saved images are long lasting, whereas in conventional X-Ray images were in the form of thin film which can be teared or damaged.

Question No.3

Describe the uses of ultrasound.

Ultrasound diagnostic imaging devices and sensors used in the industrial and health care industries. Diagnostic imaging devices are used to see inside the human body and get information about the function and health of patient. Other ultrasound equipment are used in industrial applications to detect stress fractures in metallic objects used in the aviation, oil, gas, and other manufacturing sectors. For example Ultrasonic Sensors are now being used and developed by GE mounted on drones to detect stress fractures on metal found high of the ground, like wind turbines.

Ultrasound non-imaging devices used for medical therapeutic applications, and other smaller non-imaging devices to clean things. A non-imaging therapeutic ultrasound device and ultrasonic “shock” devices are used to send waves into the human and animal bodies to help heal or treat the areas by stimulating vascular flow and healing of any damaged body tissues or muscles in those areas which treat humans, athletes, horses anybody in “pain” as they have an analgesic effect with immediate relief in the treated area.

A low cost vibrating industrial device can also “ultrasonically” clean jewelry and surgical medical instruments using only ultrasonic waves and a liquid solution. They “ultrasonically vibrate” and the fluid inside loosens off particles, dirt, debris, blood, and tissues found on anything placed inside.

Question No.4

Discuss the newer digital imaging techniques of digital X-rays.

There are many imaging technique nowadays. Here are several:

CT(Computed Tomography)

Computed tomography scan allows Healthcare Physician to see inside your body. It uses a combination of X-rays and a computer to create pictures of your organs, bones, and other tissues to shows more detail than a regular X-ray.

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging scanning uses magnetic waves, and a computer to produce images of body structures. It is painless and does not involve x-ray radiation. Patients with heart pacemakers, metal implants, or metal chips or clips in or around the eyes cannot be scanned with MRI because of the effect of the magnet.

SPIRAL CT

A spiral computed tomography scan is similar to an x-ray in that they both take images using radiation. The biggest difference is that a spiral scan produces many more images, taken from many different directions all at one time. A computer then generates detailed three-dimensional images. Unfortunately, for the doctor to get more information using a spiral CT scan, the patient must be exposed to more radiation. However, many times, a spiral CT scan is the best method for obtaining a diagnosis.

PET SCAN:

Positron Emission Tomography is a Nuclear medicine imaging uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose, evaluate or treat a variety of diseases. These include many types of cancers, heart disease, gastrointestinal, endocrine or neurological disorders and other abnormalities. Nuclear medicine examination have the potential to identify disease in its earliest stages. They can also show whether a patient is responding to treatment.

Mammography Scan

Mammography is the radiography image of the breast to diagnose breast Cancer and tumors or any abnormality in breast tissues.