Question

A half page report for a paper using the format of the font 12 and single space about endosymbiosis.

It'd be great if the report is written in a way that i've learned something new about the subject ' endosymbiosis '.

3 hrs left for submission somebody help ...

Answer 1

Endosymbiosis is often defined as a mutualistic relationship among organisms that live within other organisms or cells.

The evolution of eukaryotes is explained with the theory of endosymbiosis. The theory postulates that eukaryotes are emerged from engulfing prokaryotes. The engulfed prokaryotic cells were remained undigested inside the cell evolved new function irrespective of their individualistic existence and finally became an indispensable organelle within that cell. The emergence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and chloroplast inside the plant cells are put forward as the pieces of evidence for the theory. They believe that mitochondria were an aerobic bacterium engulfed by an archaeal host cell and chloroplast was a cyanobacterium living within the mitochondria of the eukaryotes. The presence of their own DNA, membrane, and ribosomes within the mitochondria and chloroplast were used to support their argument of the theory of an engulfed prokaryote.

There are mainly two types of symbiont transmission, vertical and horizontal. In vertical transmission, the symbiont transferred directly from the parent to offspring whereas in horizontal transmission the symbiont transferred to each generation from the environment. Pathological transmissions are horizontal transmissions and vertical transmissions are linked to evolutionary consequences. A mixed-mode of transmission also present in the endosymbiosis model where vertical transmission takes place first and then switching of the host which leads to a horizontal transmission as well.

Examples of endosymbiosis relationships: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of Legume plants, zooxanthellae living in coral reefs etc..