Question

Explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, including similarities and differences. Then describe common treatments, addressing whether treatments for one disorder would work for the other disorder. Finally, explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of and treatments for each disorder.

Answer 1

The pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disorder and irritable bowel syndrome:

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is one of the Functional Bowel disorder that changes in the motility. This may cause due to the neurological system(autonomic nerve disorder), infection, irritation, metabolic disturbances. The peristaltic waves are affected but no changes in the intestinal mucosa. In contrast, inflammatory bowel disease is one of the inflammatory bowel disorder such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The inflammation occurs in the mucosa of the colon and it becomes edematous. Then it spreads into the entire colon and the bowel narrows, shorten, and thickens.

Similarities and differences in the treatment:

IBD	IBS
Mainly medication should give to manage the disease and to subside the symptoms.	There is no complete cure. Symptoms can be treated.
Aminosalicylates may reduce the inflammation.	Alosetron Hydrochloride is used to treat severe diarrhea.
Corticosteroids are used to suppress the inflammation.	Lubiprostone is used to treat constipation.
Biological therapies to stop a certain protein that causes inflammation.	Probiotics that contain beneficial bacteria that balance the intestinal lining.

The factors of both disorders:

• Both the disease occurs between the ages of 15 - 40 years old.
• The incidence rate of irritable bowel syndrome is higher than the IBD.
• Abdominal pain, incomplete evacuation, distension, nausea, and diarrhea are usually seen in IBD especially ulcerative colitis.
• The frequent loose stool is common in both conditions.
• Environmental risk factors, alcohol, caffeine, dietary components, stress play a major role in IBD.
• The Severity of symptoms is more in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
• There are several similarities present between the IBS and IBD such as chronicity, heterogeneous, intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, altered gut, risk factors, and both need supportive therapies.