In: Physics
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The vertical component changes because vertical motion is influenced by the gravitational force (which acts in the vertical direction). The horizontal component of velocity doesn't change because the gravitational force is perpendicular to this component(not along it). And therefore can't influence it. (A force needs to have a component along the motion in order to influence that motion)
As there no horizontal force acting along the horizontal direction so horizontal component remain same throughout the journey of projectile
There is force due to gravity (i.e m×g) which act in downward direction throughout journey which conservative force because of this force as the projectile moves upward its kinetic energy due to vertical velocity converted into potential energy and this velocity keep on decreasing till highest point in projectile path and after this highest point this potential energy decrease as it move downwards and its velocity increase as conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy.