How does the processing and structure of glasses affect fracture toughness for

1. annealed glass

2. silica glass

3. pyroceram

Describe the purpose and implication of observability and observer for a dynamical system, respectively, and in particular, what is their relationship? You may use examples to help explain your points.

4. A two-stage cascade cooling system operates between the pressure limits of 1 and 0.1 MPa. Each stage operates on the ideal vapor compression cooling system and the refrigerant R-134a is used as working fluid. The heat transfer from the lower to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic reverse flow heat exchanger where both streams enter about 0.4 MPa. The refrigerant mass flow rate is 0.24 kg / s throughout the upper cycle.
a. sub-loop mass flow rate of refrigerant
b. heat extraction rate and compressor input power from chilled area
c. Determine the COP value.

- Aluminum and Steel Samples

Dog-bone shaped samples Thickness = .003 inches; Width = 4 mm; Length = 8 cm

- Polycarbonate Plastic Samples

Dog-bone shaped samples Thickness = .015 inches; Width = 4 mm; Length = 8 cm

- iPod Wire Diameter = 1.2 mm for “thin”; Diameter = 2.0mm for “thick”; Length = 7 cm for both

Calculate the stress (Force/Area) and strain (Elongation/Length) for all samples.

For the stress data given below with the nearest error of 1:

32

17

38

82

48

5

37

13

19

31

19

a) Construct a frequency distribution table.

b) Construct the three types of statistical graphs.

c) Determine the (1) Mean, (2) Median, (3) Mode, (4) Range,

Variance, and (6) Standard Deviation.

Using the principles of motion economy and ergonomcs, discuss how a supermarket checkout can be designed to improve the efficiency and the safety of the cashier

Design a geothermal source power generation system;
a) Describe the type of geothermal power plant (Total Flow / Flash / Binary) 
b) Describe the turbine isentropic efficiency
c) Show the entire cycle in the T-s diagram.
d) Calculate the power produced.

answer for expert: Not all , just one of theese three ( Total flow / flash or binary)

Wind power generation system design;

a-) Adopt Rayleigh wind regime.

b-) Specify the power factor of the wind turbine.

c-) Find the start, stop and nominal speed of the wind turbine

d-) Calculate the annual energy production of the system

Can u write please what are the gear design process , step by step

Q1 The crank of a slider mechanism rotates clockwise at a constant speed of 300 rpm. The crank is 15Q mm and the connecting rod is 60P mm long. Determine: a) Linear velocity and acceleration of the Slider. b) Angular velocity and angular acceleration of the connecting rod, at a crank angle of 45° from inner dead centre position.

Methane (CH4) enters a compressor operating at steady state with a mass flow rate of 170 lbm/hr. The methane enters the compressor at p1 = 15 lbf/in2 , T1 = 80F and exits at p2 = 100 lbf/in2 . The work input to the compressor is 15 hp. Assume ideal gas behavior for the methane with constant specific heats (cp = 0.538 Btu/lbm·R, cv = 0.414 Btu/lbm·R). Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible and the compressor is insulated

1)Determine the temperature at the exit of the compressor, in F.

2) Determine the rate of entropy production, Btu/hr·R, in the compressor

Question 1

Draw the Mohr’s Circle of the stress element. Determine the principle stresses and the maximum shear stresses.

• Write down the stress components with proper notation and signs.
• Determine the radius of the Mohr Circle and coordinate of the center of the Mohr Circle.
• Draw the Mohr Circle of the stress element.   
• Determine the principle stresses and orientation of the planes. Draw the corresponding stress element.   

Determine the maximum shear stresses and orientation of the planes. Draw the corresponding stress element.                                    

electric current flows through an infinitely long hollow cylindrical copper bar having internal and external diameters of 15 mm and 25 mm respectively. The temperature on the bar internal and external surfaces are maintained constant. The bar carries a current density of 5.5 x 107 A/m2 and the internal surface temperature is maintained at 45oC with no heat loss from the external surface due to insulation. The copper bar has thermal conductivity of 380 W/m.K and electrical resistivity of 2.5 x 10-8Ωm.Assume that the temperature changes in the radial direction only and neglect the end effects in the bar.(a)Derive the temperature distribution equation in the radial direction.(b)Find the temperature on the insulated external surface of the copper bar. (c)Calculate the amount of heat flux through the internal surface per metre length of the bar.

You want to design a magnetic device to keep cupboard doors closed. What are the design consideration? Suggest suitable materials that may be used.