7.4 A complex Brayton-cycle power plant using intercooling, reheat, and regeneration is analyzed using the air standard method. Air is compressed from State 1 to State 2 using a compressor with a pressure ratio of RP1. An intercooler is used to cool the air to State 3 before entering a second compressor with a pressure ratio of RP2. The compressed air exits at State 4 and is preheated in a regenerator that uses the exhaust air from the low-pressure turbine. The preheated air enters the combustor at State 5 and is heated to State 6 where it enters the high-pressure turbine. The air exits the turbine at State 7 and is heated in a reheat combustor to State 8. The air expands in a low-pressure turbine to State 9 where it enters the counterflow regenerator with the effectiveness of RE. Given the specified operating conditions determine the efficiency and other values listed below.

--Given Values--

T1 &T3 (K) = 303

P1 (kPa) = 186

rp1 = 2.7

rp2 = 4.4

Eff (%) = 92

T6 & T8 (K) = 1300

P7 (kPa) = 906

a) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 1.

b) Determine the relative pressure at state 1.

c) Determine the relative pressure at state 2.

e) Determine the pressure (kPa) at state 2.

f) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 2.

g) Determine the pressure (kPa) at state 3.

h) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 3.

i) Determine the relative pressure at state 3.

j) Determine the relative pressure at state 4.

k) Determine the temperature (K) at state 4

l) Determine the pressure (kPa) at state 4.

m) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 4.

n) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 5.

o) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 6.

p) Determine the relative pressure at state 6.

q) Determine the relative pressure at state 7.

r) Determine the temperature (K) at state 7.

s) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 7.

t) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 8.

u) Determine the relative pressure at state 8.

v) Determine the relative pressure at state 9.

w) Determine the specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) at state 9.

x) Determine the net work per unit mass (kJ/kg) through the power plant.

y) Determine the heat addition per unit mass (kJ/kg) through the power plant.

z) Determine the efficiency () of the power plant.

Prove that the adiabatic process of an ideal gas in a simple compressible closed system is the polytropic process of n=k ( where k is the specific heat rate) by using the thermodynamic first law.

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1040 steel

1.What is the composition of the material? (10P)

2.What is the typical applications of the material? (10P)

3.What is the most common hardness measurement method for the material? What is the hardness values for the material after different heat treatments. Put some microstructures and discuss the hardness values differences (at least 3 different heat treatment) (20P)

4.What is the typical UTS, yield strenght and strain values of the material for 3 different heat treatments (any). Put some microstructures and discuss the mechanical properties differences (at least 3 different heat treatment). (20P)

5.What is the typical impact energy value of the material for 3 different heat treatments (any). Put some microstructures and discuss the impact energy differences. (20P)

how I can select the type of lubricant and the lubrication method for bearing ?

answer it all or leave it for another expert , Use table or catalog not typing a google theory and post it here please need to select for design !

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Wind power generation system design;

a-) Adopt Rayleigh wind regime.

b-) Specify the power factor of the wind turbine.

c-) Find the start, stop and nominal speed of the wind turbine

d-) Calculate the annual energy production of the system

I need solving question 2 only?

Q1.

In an Otto cycle air is compressed from an initial pressure 120 kPa and temperature 350 (K). The cycle has compression ratio of 10. In the constant volume heat addition process 1000 kJ/kg heat is added into the air. Considering variation on the specific heat of air with temperature, determine,

(a) the pressure and temperature at the end of heat addition process (show the points on P-v diagram)

(b) the network output

(c) the thermal efficiency

(d) the mean effective pressure for the cycle

The gas constant of air is R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K

Q2.

Repeat Q1 using cold air standard assumption.

(Properties: The properties of air at room temperature are cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·K, cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg·K, and k = 1.4)

A regenerative Rankine cycle operates with inlet conditions of 800°C and 5MPa and exhausts to a pressure of 10kPa. A single open-feedwater heater is used with an extraction pressure of 0.8 MPa. Assume the exit states of the condenser and the feedwater heater are both saturated liquids. The turbine and pump isentropic efficiencies are 100%.

1. Draw the T-s diagram and determine the thermal efficiency for the cycle and the total turbine work per unit boiler mass flow rate (kJ/kg)
2. Repeat the problem in part 1, but replace the open feed water heater with a closed feed water heater where the extracted steam is pumped to the boiler pressure before being combined with the condenser feed water
3. Repeat the problem in part 2, but where the extracted steam is throttled from the closed feed water heater exit to the condenser

Consider an ideal Rankine cycle modified with the addition of a single reheat stage. The working fluid is H20. The maximum pressure in the cycle is 10MPa, and the temperature of the steam exiting both the boiler and the reheater is 550°C. The pressure in the condenser is 10kPa.

1.Draw the T-s diagram for the following three cases.

a) 4.5MPa (= 0.25Pmax + 2MPA)

b) 2.5MPA (= 0.25Pmax)

c) 0.5MPa (= 0.25Pmax - 2MPA)

2.Calculate the thermal efficiency for the three reheat cycles in part 1

The propane is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly, which maintains constant pressure at 0.2 MPa. If a mixture with a quality of 0.65 and a total volume of 0.07 m3 is slowly heated to a temperature of 54°C.

a) what was the total work into the system.

b) what was the total amount of heat added to the system.

Steam leaves the boiler of a 100 MW Rankine cycle power plant at 400°C and 3.5MPa. The Turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 85% and exhausts at 15 kPa. In the condenser, the water is subcooled to 38°C by lake water at 13°C. The pump isentropic efficiency is 75%.

1. Draw and label the T-s diagram for this cycle

2. Determine the cycle’s thermal efficiency

3. Determine the mass flow rate of the steam in the boiler (kg/h)

4. Determine the back-work ratio

5. Determine the minimum required cooling water flow rate if regulations limit the cooling water temperature rise to 10°C (kg/h)

Bruce, a research chemist for a major petro-chemical company, wrote a dense report about some new compounds he had synthesized in the laboratory from oil-refining by-products. The bulk of the report consisted of tables listing their chemical and physical properties, diagrams of their molecular structure, chemical formulas and computer printouts of toxicity tests. Buried at the end of the report was a casual speculation that one of the compounds might be a particularly effective insecticide.

Seven years later, the same oil company launched a major research program to find more effective but environmentally safe insecticides. After six months of research, someone uncovered Bruce’s report and his toxicity tests. A few hours of further testing confirmed that one of Bruce’s compounds was the safe, economical insecticide they had been looking for.

Bruce had since left the company, because he felt that the importance of his research was not being appreciated.

1. Define the rhetorical situation: Who is communicating to whom about what, how, and why? What was the goal of the communication in each case?
2. Identify the communication error (poor task or audience analysis? Use of inappropriate language or style? Poor organization or formatting of information? Other?)
3. Explain what costs/losses were incurred by this problem.
4. Identify possible solutions or strategies that would have prevented the problem, and what benefits would be derived from implementing solutions or preventing the problem.