One important point for an automobile radiator design is to cool the engine while moving at...

One important point for an automobile radiator design is to cool the engine while moving at 50 km/h on a 7% grade road in a desert summer condition. Your responsibility as a design engineer is to make sure that the coolant (water in this case, since it is the hot summer time, no antifreeze is needed) temperature at the radiator inlet does not exceed the saturation temperature of water at this point. Consider a radiator that can be approached as a cross – flow heat exchanger with both fluids unmixed and working under the following conditions:

The manometer reading at the radiator water inlet is 100 kPa (the gage pressure!) where the local atmospheric pressure is also 100 kPa.

The engine heat rejection rate: q = 40 kW.

For air; flow rate 2700 kg/h, inlet temperature 52 ℃, specific heat 1008 J/kg.K.

For water; flow rate 5130 kg/h, specific heat 4244 J/kg.K.

For the radiator UA = 1134 W/K.

Determine the water inlet and outlet temperatures and air outlet temperature from the radiator. (15 P)
Determine the logarithmic mean temperature difference correction factor F and estimate the value of corrected logarithmic mean temperature difference for the radiator. (10 P)
Neglecting the pressure losses within the radiator, determine whether the design is safe or not against overheating (against boiling within the radiator). (15 P)
One effective way of obtaining safe operating conditions against radiator overheating may be increasing fan power to obtain higher air flow rates. If your findings for Part c) indicate unsafe operating conditions, determine the minimum air flow rate that ensures safe operation against the radiator overheating. To do this, increase the air flow rate with 90 kg/h intervals, until yuo reach safe operating conditions, while keeping the other parameters fixed at the above given values. (15 P)

A low quality coal known as Saray lignite has the components of C = 45%, H = 4%, O = 17%, S = 4%, N = 2%, A = 13% and W = 15%. Carry out the following analyses for this lignite:

Using the exact formula determine the heating value. (5 P)
Draw the Ostwald dagram in a scaled manner. (10 P)
After the combustion, 6% CO₂ and 10% CO contents are measured in the stack gases. Obtain the excess air coefficient and the ratio of O₂ within the stack gases, utilizing the Ostwald diagram you drew in Part b). (10 P)
Determine the excess air coefficient and the ratio of O₂ within the stack gases, using the analytical relations and compare the results with the ones you obtained in Part c). (10 P)
In what type of boiler and under which conditions do you think this lignite should be used in the lights of above estimated values of fuel components, the excess air coefficient, and the heating value. (10 P)

Expert Solution

samet mamat answered 2 months ago

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