Question

1. What is endospore-forming cell?

Answer 1

ANS- Those cells that undergo the endospore formation process known as sporulation or sporogenesis and results in the development of endospores are celled endospores forming cells.

Endospores---->The dormant non-reproductive structure have a tough texture is known as endospores.

Function of endospore--->At the time of harsh environmental conditions the endospore structure helps in the survival of bacteria by protecting and preserving the genetic material of bacteria.

• The process of sporulation occurs in gram-positive bacteria and basically in bacteria from firmicutes family, and is usually in conditions such as lack of nutrients to ensures bacterial survival.
• Endospore forming microbes -Examples-> Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus anthracis.

STEPS OF ENDOSPORE FORMATION PROCESS

STEP 1--->Replication of bacterial DNA occurs.

STEP 2--->Formation of forespore (structure in which endospore develops)is occurred by the division of partition of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.

STEP 3---->Forespore containing the replicated DNA is engulfed by the bacterial membrane and the remaining template DNA which is outside the forespore is degraded by harsh environmental conditions.

STEP 4----> The spore coat is formed around the endospore.

STEP 5----> The endospore become mature by the addition of outer spore coating on it.

STEP 6----> The endospore containing the bacterial DNA is released from the bacteria and that's how it helps in the survival of bacteria by protecting its genomic DNA in harsh environmental conditions.