Question

A fallacy in which something is compared to something else in a misleading way.

Example: Water is a liquid that is good for you; therefore, since Windex is a liquid, it must be good for you.

1. Ad Hominem

2. Texas Sharpshooter

3. Slippery Slope

4. False Dichotomy/Dilemma

5. Appeal to Emotion

6. Red Herring

7. Hasty Generalization

8. Begging the Question

9. Weak Analogy

10. Non-Sequitur

11. Complex Question

12. Straw Man

13. Appeal to Ignorance

14. Ad Populum

Answer 1

Ans:

1).Ad Hominem fallacy:This is all about, when somebody does this fallacy is completely ignore, or block out the argument the other person is making, which is unprogressive & intellectually dishonest. You should concentrate on the point of discussion, which is the argument you’re supposed to be debating.

Ex:Suppose that a man named" x" has past differences with a man " Y " and got to argue on some other topic later on in his life .Then the person X hangs on making personal attacks against person Y rather than debating on the actual argument.

In simple words,AAH fallacy is-is Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself, when the attack on the person is completely irrelevant to the argument the person is making.

2).Texas sharpshooter fallacy:It mainly illustrates how people look for similarities, ignoring differences, and do not account for randomness.Logical fallacy based on the metaphor of a gunman shooting the side of a barn, then drawing targets around the bullethole clusters to make it look like he hit the target.

Ex:Ex:Another example of the fallacy is there are two students in which "X" studies a lot more better than student "Y". But due to some health issues during final exams "X" couldn't do well and "Y" scored better marks than "X".Then the student "Y" touts his capabilities while de-emphasizing the many failed marks. This can give a false impression that the student "Y" was more successful than he really was.

3).Slippery Slope - In simple terms,"if this happens, then that will happen."

Ex:If the government bans assault rifles they will eventually ban all guns.

4). False Dichotomy/Dilemma:Giving two choices when in actuality there could be more choices possible.

Example: You either did knock the glass over this morning or you did it this afternoon. Which is it? (In actual,Someone else could have knocked the glass over).

5).Appeal to Emotion :It uses emotion in place of reason in order to attempt to win the argument. It is a type of manipulation used in place of valid logic.

6).Red Herring:Red Herring - An attempt to divert attention away from the actual argument at hand.
(Or )Introducing a topic not related to the subject at hand.

Example: I know your car isn't working right. But, if you had gone to the store one day earlier, you'd not be having problems.

7).Hasty Generalisation:By the name itself we can say that it is fallacy of making assumptions or conclusions of entire group of people based on the small sample size.

Ex:i have two indian friends and they like spicy foods.So i think all indians like spicy foods.

8).Begging the Question:When one constructs an "argument" such that the conclusion assumes the premise itself.Makes an assumption and doesn't ask if the assumption is true by which avoids asking the important question.
For Example, "the bible is true because it documents X; X happened because the bible said so."

10).Non-Sequitur : Comments or information that does not logically follow from a premise or the conclusion.

Example: We know why it rained today: because I washed my car.

12).Straw Man:Straw Man Argument - Producing an argument about a weaker representation of the truth and attacking it.

Example: The government doesn't take care of the poor because it doesn't have a tax specifically to support the poor

13. Appeal to Ignorance:Argument From Ignorance: When one makes the assertion that Z must be the case, because they do not know what actually .

Ex :Humans must be God's creation because there's no way such complex beings could be a random occurrence.

14. Ad Populum: Urging the hearer to accept a position because a majority of people hold to it.

Example: The majority of people like soda. Therefore, soda is goo