Question

6. The p53 tumor suppressor gene was isolated from a tumor where p53 protein levels were very high. This was likely due to dominant-acting mutant that inactivated all p53 tetramers and blocked the tumor suppressing effects of wild type p53. A) True B) False

7. Increased gene expression from the Ink4A locus leads to inhibition of cyclin E-CDK2. A) True B) False

8. In colon cancer progression, the first driver mutation is commonly a mutation to the KRas gene. A) True B) False

9. Metabolic reprogramming in KRas-driven cancer cells involves glutaminolysis whereby glutamine is deamidated by glutaminase to glutamate, which is then deaminated by glutamate dehydrogenase to -ketoglutarate and NH4+. -ketoglutarate can then continue through the TCA cycle to citrate and exit the mitochondria where acetyl-CoA is regenerated for fatty acid synthesis. A) True B) False

10. 2-hydroxy-glutarate (2-HD) made by mutant TCA cycle enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) was considered an ”oncometabolite” because it prevented VHL ubiquitination of HIF. A) True B) False

Answer 1

Answer:

Q-6):True:

• Mutated protein 53 inhibits the normal protein 53. Thus tumor formation take place.
• In normal cells protein 53 is very low. High concentration of protein 53 leads to arrest of cell growth and apoptosis if the DNA is highly damage

Q-8):True:

EXPLANATION:

• Kras gene is responsible for the mutation in colon cancer, Overall 50% of the patients having colon cancer is due to the mutation in Kras gene, In RAS/MAPK pathway the Kras gene produces the K-RAS protein, The MAPK is the signaling pathway which sends signals for the communication between the DNA occurs inside the cell the surface receptor present on the cell surface.

Q-9):True:

because the metabolic reprogramming in the KRas-driven cancer cells which involves the glutaminolysis whereby the glutamine is deamidated by glutaminase to glutamate, dehydrogenase to and synthesis fatty acids.

Q-10):True:

2-hydroxy-glutarate made by mutant TCA cycle enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase was considered an ”oncometabolite”

because it prevented VHL ubiquitination of HIF.

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