Question

Effects, Politics, and Regulatory Control of Tobacco Use Tobacco use is the primary cause of mortality in the United States today. Tobacco use is responsible for cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and heart disease and has caused the deaths of nearly half a million people per year. Tobacco control, prevention, and treatment are compelling and urgent public health issues.

The development of tobacco control laws have been passed by a number of states. Write a comprehensive overview of the health effects, politics, and regulatory control of tobacco use control efforts. Your paper should be based on the following points:

What are the factors (biological, environmental, economic, and political) that contribute to tobacco addiction?

What are the medical consequences (morbidity and mortality) for tobacco users?

What is the public health impact (epidemiological and economic) of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure?

How do tobacco control regulations relate to positive and normative economics?

How do tobacco control regulations impact individual health care What is the public health policy regarding tobacco control?

What is the role of the state and Federal Government in policy making? What is the history of regulatory tobacco control?

What is the current state of tobacco control in the United States (states that have passed tobacco control regulations)?

What is the evidence that tobacco control is effective?

Based on your understanding, create a 6- to 7-page Microsoft Word document that includes the answers to the above questions. You need a minimum of five scholarly sources that should be in APA format for both in-text citations and citations on the reference page. This assignment requires a title page, an abstract, an introduction, a body, a conclusion, and a reference page.

Answer 1

Tobacco is one of the most widely abused substances in the world. Nicotine is the main addictive chemical in tobacco. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that tobacco causes 6 million deaths per year. This makes tobacco the leading cause of preventable death.World Health Organization (WHO) has called tobacco use “the single most preventable cause of death in the world today”. Smoking has been the primary underlying cause of more than 12 million U.S. deaths.

There are many factors influence the addiction of tobacco. They are:

1.Biological factor:These factors are Anything which affects the function and behavior of a living organism. Internally, this factor can be a physical, physiological, chemical, neurological, or genetic condition which causes a psychological effect.

Nicotine is the main addictive chemical in tobacco. It causes a rush of adrenaline when absorbed in the bloodstream or inhaled via cigarette smoke. Nicotine also triggers an increase in dopamine o, ne of these neurotransmitters, is released in the "reward center" of the brain and causes improved mood and feelings of pleasure. Experiencing these effects from nicotine is what makes tobacco so addictive.

Nicotine dependence involves behavioral (routines, habits, feelings) as well as physical factors. These behavioural factors can be stress, tension, loneliness, friends, cersin places, along with alcohol etc. The main risk factor related to biological can be the genetics. The likelihood that you will start smoking and keep smoking may be partly inherited — genetic factors may influence how receptors on the surface of your brain's nerve cells respond to high doses of nicotine delivered by cigarettes.

2.Environmental factors:A number of different environmental factors have been implicated as risk factors for addiction. They are lack of parental supervision, the prevalence of peer substance use, drug availability, and poverty as risk factors for substance use among children and adolescents.

3.Economic factors :Socioeconomic factors for smoking are  

lack of knowledge, scarce material resources and psychosocial stress due to an unfavourable social position and poor material conditions, Smoking are more common among those with lower education and income.

4.Political factors : The government get good profit from the trade of tobacco as well as from their donation tobacco industry spends. This helps to get good economical support from these industries. So tobacco are selled in cheaper prize and its consumption by consumers are high leading to the profit.

Smoking most commonly leads to diseases affecting the heart and lungs and will most commonly affect areas such as hands or feet with first signs of smoking related health issues showing up as numbness, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer, particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and mouth, and pancreatic cancer.

Passive smoking is considered as the inhalation of smoke by nonsmokers from other persons called"active" smoker when they are in same environment .Secondhand smoke is known to cause cancer. It has more than 7,000 chemicals, including at least 70 that can cause cancer.It can causes lung cancer – even in people who have never smoked. Secondhand smoke can be harmful in many ways. For instance, it affects the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke in non-smokers.It aso cause preterm deliveries, low birth, malformations. Can cause mental disturbances. Leads to various cancer and death.

International laws have been strengthening the regulation over tobacco control though they are facing serious challenges in both the courtroom and real world, from multiple interested parties including corporations, government, religious and cultural powers, and consumers etc.For the countries benefit from tobacco industry government is only regulating the use of tobacco even though all knows the harmful effects of tobacco. If regulatory bodies impose high tax thinking to reduce the consumption, it wont work, it will only improve the revenue tax collected from tobacco industry.