In: Nursing
Public health programs aim to prevent or control disease, injury, disability and death. Over time, as this task has become more complex, programs themselves have become more complex.
STEP 1: MANAGE THE PLANNING PROCESS.
STEP 2: CONDUCT A SITUATIONAL ASSESSMENT.
STEP 3: IDENTIFY GOALS, POPULATIONS OF INTEREST, OUTCOMES.
STEP 4: IDENTIFY STRATEGIES, ACTIVITIES, OUTPUTS, PROCESS.
STEP 5: DEVELOP INDICATORS.
STEP 6: REVIEW THE PROGRAM PLAN.
The most significant Federal health care programs are Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare and the Veterans programs. 2. A Federal program beneficiary is an individual that receives health care benefits that are funded, in whole or in part, by a Federal health care program.
An effective public health system that can assure the nation's health requires the collaborative efforts of a complex network of people and organizations in the public and private sectors, as well as an alignment of policy and practice of governmental public health agencies at the national, state, and local levels. In the United States, governments at all levels (federal, state, and local) have a specific responsibility to strive to create the conditions in which people can be as healthy as possible. For governments to play their role within the public health system, policy makers must provide the political and financial support needed for strong and effective governmental public health agencies.
Weaknesses in the nation's governmental public health infrastructure were clearly demonstrated in the fall of 2001, when the once-hypothetical threat of bioterrorism became all too real with the discovery that many people had been exposed to anthrax from letters sent through the mail. Communication among federal, state, and local health officials and with political leaders, public safety personnel, and the public was often cumbersome, uncoordinated, incomplete, and sometimes inaccurate. Laboratories were overwhelmed with testing of samples, both real and false. Many of these systemic weaknesses were well known to public health professionals, but resources to address them had been insufficient. A strong and effective governmental public health infrastructure is essential not only to respond to crises such as these but also to address ongoing challenges such as preventing or managing chronic illnesses, controlling infectious diseases, and monitoring the safety of food and water.