"RNA polymerase II activity depends on both cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factor A) What is the...

"RNA polymerase II activity depends on both cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factor
A) What is the main difference between cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors? (Hint: which of the two are DNA
sequences, and which one are proteins?)
B) Name and briefly describe the three cis-regulatory elements we have studied in eukaryotes"

University-level genetics course, please keep answer as simple and to the point as possible (preferably in bulleted list)... Thank you!

Expert Solution

Answer:

Transcription initiation complex is composed of promoter sequences and DNA binding proteins. The two factors are said to be as cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors.
Cis-acting elements: DNA sequences of the structural portion of a gene that are required for gene expression
Trans-acting factors: These are considered to be proteins, that bind to the cis-acting sequences to control gene expression
Types of Cis- acting elements:
Promoters: These are relatively short sequences of DNA, found at transcription start site.
Enhancers: They mediate both spatial and temporal control of development by turning on transcription in specific cells and/or repressing it in other cells.
Operator: It is present in the lac operon. It is bound by the lac repressor, which, in turn, prevents transcription of the adjacent genes on the same DNA molecule. The lac operator is, thus, considered to "act in cis" on the regulation of the nearby genes.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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