Know all the structures and associated terms involved in transcription and translation: dna, mrna, trna, rna...

Know all the structures and associated terms involved in transcription and translation: dna, mrna, trna, rna polymerase, transcription factors, promoter (ex: tata box), transcription unit, terminator, introns, exons, ribozymes, codon, anticodon, start codon, stop codon, release factor, polypeptide, amino acid, and ribosome (small and large ribosomal subunits)

Expert Solution

1). DNA: Genetic information is carried from one cell to cell and hence one generation to another by means of genes, i.e., DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

2). mRNA: The genetic data in the DNA is coded into an mRNA. Thus, mRNA is a translation of DNA code.

3). tRNA: “Translation” of the message in the mRNA takes place with the aid of transfer RNA. As the tRNA moves through the mRNA, the codes are decoded and amino acids are gathered together as dictated by the message, to form a polypeptide chain, which ultimately result in the synthesis of a protein.

4). rRNA: Is a component of ribosome, and is essential for the protein synthesis.

5). RNA polymerase: The binding of RNA polymerase (moves in 3' to 5' direction) to the promoter site starts the process of transcription.

6). Transcription factors: They regulate the gene transcription by binding to the promoter regions that are present upstream the coding region. They Activators and repressors are the two transcription factors that control the rate of transcription.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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