The ribosomal subunits are not covalently bound and are freely dissociated in the cytoplasm. Explain how...

The ribosomal subunits are not covalently bound and are freely dissociated in the cytoplasm. Explain how the two subunits come together to successfully initiate translation

Solutions

Expert Solution

● Ribosomes are macromolecular complexes, responsible for translation and composed of rRNA and proteins .

● These are basically composed of large and small subunits and the subunits are made in the nucleolus and then transported to cytoplasm .

● These subunits are not covalently bound and are freely dissociated in the cytoplasm and they associate at the time of translation with the help of several initiation factor .

● In prokaryote there are three initiation factors present - IF1 , IF2 , IF3 .

● In eukaryotes more than 3 initiation factor at present .

● Initiation factor are specific protein both subunit of ribosomes are seprated with the help of IF3 factor .

● In prokaryotes with the help of SD Sequence (Shine Dalgarno Sequence) mRNA recognises the smalker subunit of ribosome. In smaller subunit of ribosome, a complementary sequence of SD sequence is present on 16S rRNA which is called as Anti Shine Dalgarno Sequence (ASD seq). With the help od SD and ASD sequence mRNA recognises the smaller subunit of ribosome and form 30-S mRNA Complex but in eukaryotes smaller subunit is recognized by "7mG Cap". Now this complex reacts with Formyl methionyl t-RNA complex and form 30-S mRNA formyl methionyl t-RNA Complex. Now the larger subunit of ribosome joins to this complex and form 70S ribosome complex (in prokaryotes) and initiation factors released.

● The detail diagrams related to translation initiation process in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are shown below:

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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