Question

Psychological principles are theories and beliefs about major areas of our lives, like cognitions, intelligence, social groups, habit, behavior, and many others. Let’s explore how we identify and utilize psychological principles in daily life. In a 2 page paper, please analyze the following:

How do psychological principles affect the study of the behavior of individuals and groups?

What are the parameters of behavioral deviance and its various therapies?

How do psychological principles affect the study of individual differences?

Last, explain the role of psychology in such areas as industry, complex organizations, law, and education.

This paper should be 2-3 pages in length and use APA formatting (cover page, paper body formatting, citations, and references:

Answer 1

Social psychology is based on the ABCs ( affect, behavior, and cognition) “The ABCs effectively maintain & enhance our own lives through successful interaction with others, we rely on these three basic & which work togeater to create a social interaction.& experience.

1. Affect (feelings)
2. Behavior (interactions)
3. Cognition (thought)

now we take up all the roles seperately -Social Coginition:(thinking & learning about others) .Humans are highly intelligent, and they use cognition in every factor of their social lives.

Social cognition is cognition that relates to social activities and that helps us understand and predict the behavior of ourselves and others

.People develop a set of social knowledge that contains information about the self, other people, social relationships, and social groups. Two types of knowledge are important in social psychology: Schemas &attitudes. A schema is a knowledge representation that includes information about a person or group while ,An attitude is a knowledge representation that includes primarily our liking or disliking of a person, thing, or group.

Social Affects :(feelings about ourselves & others )Affect subjects to the feelings we experience as part of our everyday lives.Affect can lead us to involve in behaviors that are appropriate to our perceptions at a given situation. Example- When we are happy, we may seek out & socialize with others; when we are angry, we may attack; & when we are fearful, we may run away.

We note that,affect in the form of Mood and emotions.. Mood refers to the positive or negative feelings that are in our everyday experiences. Most of the time, we are in a relatively good mood, & positive mood has some positive consequences—it encourages us to do what needs to be done & to make the most of the situations we are in itOn the other hand, when we are in a bad mood, we mostly likely to prefer to remain by ourselves rather than interact with others, & our creativity suffers.

Emotions are brief, but intense, mental & physiological feeling states. In comparison with moods, emotions are shorter lived, stronger, &more specific forms of affect. Emotions are caused by specific events like things , jealous or angry Emotions serve an adaptive role in helping us guide our social behaviors for example-. as we run from a snake because the snake elicits fear, we may try to make amends with other people when we feel guilty.

Social behavior : interacting with others :The sharing of goods, services, emotions, & other social outcomes is known as social exchange. Social rewards include benefits as attention, praise, affection, love,& financial support. Social cost on the other hand, include, for instance, the frustrations that accrue when disagreements with others develop, the guilt that results suppose we perceive that we have acted inappropriately, and the effort involved in developing & maintaining harmonious interpersonal relationships

.Living together in small groups over thousands of years is that humans have learned to cooperate by giving benefits to those who are in need, with the expectation of a return of benefits at a future time. This mutual, and generally equitable, exchange of benefits is known as reciprocal altruism.

Point iii) Deviance, in a sociological context, describes actions or behaviors that violate social norms, including formally-enacted rules (e.g., crime), as well as informal violations of social norms .According to Merton, there are five types of deviance based on the criteria of conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion.

Emile Durkheim states that deviance is not abnormal, but actually serves four important social functions: 1) Deviance clarifies our collective cultural values; 2) Responding to Deviance defines our collective morality; 3) Responding to deviance unifies society; 4) Deviance promotes social .

Point iii) The Principle of Individual Differences is a principle that states that, everyone is unique, each person experiences a different response to an exercise program. Some differences may be related to body size & shape, genetics, past experience, chronic conditions, injuries and gender.

Individual differences stand for the variation or deviations among individuals in regard to a single characteristic / number of characteristics. It is stand for those differences totality distinguish one individual from another.Characteristics that define individual differences can be classified into four main categories: Learning Style, Aptitude, Personality and Emotional Intelligence. The main causes of individual differences are Heredity or nature,environment or nurture & training

Point iv) ndustrial-organizational psychology is the branch of psychology that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations. Often referred to as I-O psychology, is taken intoAs it increase workplace productivity and related issues such as the physical and mental well-being of employees.ial psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to understanding and managing employment and organizational relationships

. Industrial psychologists may work directly for a business in an advisory role, provide counseling to employees, or offer businesses tips on finding & hiring the right employees. No matter their specific role, industrial psychologists can have a positive impact on a company's productivity and employee morale.

Role of psychology in Education,-- Education psychology is the study of learners, learning & teaching. the accummlated knowledge , wisdom& theories that teachers possess to solve their problems & challenges in teaching,    Educational psychologists work with local authorities, in partnership with families & other professionals, to help children & young people achieve their full potential. They use their training in psychology & knowledge of child development to assess difficulties children may be having with their learning The importance.Psychology is to study of people's behavior, performance, & mental operations. It refers to the application of the knowledge, which can be used to understand events, treat mental health issues, and improve education, employment, and relationships.

Role of psychology in law :A legal system is necessary for the proper functioning of a society as it tries to solve numerous problems existing in the society. as law embodies the theories of behavior the legal rules, procedures & doctrines reflect the basic assumptions of human nature.Psychology can help the decision makers in making decisions by providing more accurate images & pictures of human perceptions and preferences.

• It helps to check the veracity of witnesses, as eyewitnesses are often known tbe influenced by or afraid of the accused.
• It help in reducing false confessions by adopting peace models such as those that are highly used .
• Psychological studies include the examination of different areas which have legal & social significance.
• It is based on the empirical and psychological research of legal institutions as well as law and focuses on legal psychology rather than clinically oriented forensic psychology.
• Pronouncing judgements considering the psychological aspects of the accused’s mind ensures justice in real meaning.

There are two units of psychology which influence law and justice: legal psychology and forensic psychology, which together form psychology and law.